上海市中小学生预包装零食消费现况分析
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摘要
目的了解上海市中小学生预包装零食的消费现况及其特点,为开展中小学生预包装零食行为干预提供依据。方法采用横断面调查研究,分层随机抽取上海市5个区10所中小学各年级学生共1061名,其中男生543名,女生518名;采用频率问卷调查的方法,调查中小学生过去6月预包装零食的食用频率及每次平均食用量。结果排在前四位的预包装零食报告消费率依次为:糖果巧克力类(89.5%)、饼干(88.0%)、西式糕点类(85.8%)和膨化食品类(84.6%)。中小学生每天通过预包装零食摄入能量的中位数为997 kJ,蛋白质4.4g,脂肪11.7g,碳水化合物26.9g,钠232mg。通过预包装零食摄入的能量及营养素主要来源于饼干类、膨化食品类、西式糕点类、肉鱼类、豆类制品和坚果类。结论上海市中小学生预包装零食来源的能量和宏量营养素平均摄入量处在合理水平,但部分学生预包装零食摄入过多。学校、营养健康工作者及家长应相互沟通,帮助中小学生合理地选择预包装零食。
Objective To understand the consumption status of pre-packaged snack by students and describe the consumption characteristics of pre-packaged snack of students in Shanghai,and provide basis for intervention of snacking behavior.Methods A total of 1061(543 boys,518 girls) students from 10 primary and secondary schools in five districts of Shanghai were selected by a stratified random sampling.Information on pre-packaged snack consumption within the past six months was obtained through questionnaire.Results The top four reported consumption rate of pre-packaged snacks were candy and chocolate(89.5%),biscuits(88.0%),western-style cakes(85.8%),and puffed foods(84.6%).The median intake of energy,protein,fat,carbohydrate and sodium from pre-packaged snacks were 997 kJ/d,4.4 g/d,11.7 g/d,26.9 g/d,and 232mg/d,respectively.The intake of energy and nutrients by pre-packaged snacks were mainly from biscuits,puffed foods,western-style cakes,meat,soy products,and nuts.Conclusion The average amount of energy and macronutrients intake from pre-packaged snack were at a reasonable level.But some students consume excessive pre-packaged snacks.Schools,nutrition workers and parents should communicate with each other to help students choose healthier pre-packaged snack.
Objective To understand the consumption status of pre-packaged snack by students and describe the consumption characteristics of pre-packaged snack of students in Shanghai,and provide basis for intervention of snacking behavior.Methods A total of 1061(543 boys,518 girls) students from 10 primary and secondary schools in five districts of Shanghai were selected by a stratified random sampling.Information on pre-packaged snack consumption within the past six months was obtained through questionnaire.Results The top four reported consumption rate of pre-packaged snacks were candy and chocolate(89.5%),biscuits(88.0%),western-style cakes(85.8%),and puffed foods(84.6%).The median intake of energy,protein,fat,carbohydrate and sodium from pre-packaged snacks were 997 kJ/d,4.4 g/d,11.7 g/d,26.9 g/d,and 232mg/d,respectively.The intake of energy and nutrients by pre-packaged snacks were mainly from biscuits,puffed foods,western-style cakes,meat,soy products,and nuts.Conclusion The average amount of energy and macronutrients intake from pre-packaged snack were at a reasonable level.But some students consume excessive pre-packaged snacks.Schools,nutrition workers and parents should communicate with each other to help students choose healthier pre-packaged snack.
引文
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[10]张雪松,王竹,何梅,等.中国预包装食品钠含量现状及其变化趋势分析[J].卫生研究,2014,43:250-253.
[11]Weaver CM,Dwyer J,Fulgoni VL,et al.Processed foods:contributions to nutrition[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2014,99:1525-1542.
[12]曹志娟,王书梅,郭家宁,等.上海市某区小学生零食消费现况[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36:1469-1471.
[13]倪慧娟,邹淑蓉,陈毅琼,等.上海市静安区小学生零食消费及其与家长知识态度关系[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33:158-159.
[14]张继国,黄绯绯,王惠君,等.城市居民预包装食品来源的能量和宏量营养素摄入状况分析[J].卫生研究,2015,44:344-346
[2]马冠生.儿童少年的饮食行为及影响因素[J].中国健康教育,2005,21:337-340.
[3]张晴.中国儿童青少年零食消费现状及其营养作用的研究[D].郑州大学硕士论文,2008.
[4]于冬梅,翟凤英,张兵,等.北京市和湖北省儿童青少年零食消费现况调查分析[J].中国健康教育,2007,37:403-406.
[5]于冬梅,张兵,赵丽云,等.中国3-17岁儿童青少年零食消费状况[J].卫生研究,2008,37:710-713.
[6]翟风英,孔灵芝.中国儿童青少年零食消费指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:1-3.
[7]刘爱玲,尚现文,张倩,等.小学生零食消费种类与肥胖及代谢异常的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33:644-647.
[8]Theira KR,Tanofsky-Kraff M,Salaita CG,et al.Children's descriptions of the foods consumed during loss of control eating episodes[J].Eat Behav,2007,8:258-265.
[9]Baker P,Friel S.Processed foods and the nutrition transition:evidence from Asia[J].Obes Rev,2014,15:564-577.
[10]张雪松,王竹,何梅,等.中国预包装食品钠含量现状及其变化趋势分析[J].卫生研究,2014,43:250-253.
[11]Weaver CM,Dwyer J,Fulgoni VL,et al.Processed foods:contributions to nutrition[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2014,99:1525-1542.
[12]曹志娟,王书梅,郭家宁,等.上海市某区小学生零食消费现况[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36:1469-1471.
[13]倪慧娟,邹淑蓉,陈毅琼,等.上海市静安区小学生零食消费及其与家长知识态度关系[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33:158-159.
[14]张继国,黄绯绯,王惠君,等.城市居民预包装食品来源的能量和宏量营养素摄入状况分析[J].卫生研究,2015,44:344-346
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