江苏湿地资源旅游开发适宜性评价
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摘要
用层次分析法从资源禀赋、城镇依托、交通可达性、人口经济基础四方面构建湿地资源旅游开发适宜性评价指标体系,旨在定量评价江苏湿地资源的旅游开发适宜性。结果是江苏126个湿地资源分布区的旅游开发适宜性总分值在36.64~72.98之间。依据各湿地分项分值进行聚类分析,将江苏湿地资源分为4种旅游开发类型,即高适宜性湿地资源、较高现实适宜性湿地资源、较高潜在适宜性湿地资源、低适宜性湿地资源。在此基础上,提出积极开发高适宜性湿地、适度开发较高现实适宜性湿地、与经济发展同步开发较高潜在适宜性湿地、暂时限制开发低适宜性湿地的建议,并提出坚持湿地资源旅游开发公益性的思想。同时对湿地资源旅游开发中一些未有定论的话题进行了讨论。
Starting from the three constituents of tourism system—destination system,tourist source system and travel traffic system—this thesis analyzes the constitution of an evaluation index system for the suitability of wetland tourism development,comes up with this system which is composed of 19 indexes in 4 aspects,namely,resources endowment,urban dependence,traffic accessibility and population & economic base,and determines the weighing of indexes through analytic hierarchy process(AHP),with the aim of quantitatively evaluating the suitability of tourism development for the wetland resources in Jiangsu Province.Next,this thesis sorts out 126 wetland nature reserves within Jiangsu Province from the regional planning for important ecological functional area in Jiangsu Province released by Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province,collects or calculates 19 index to figure for these wetland nature reserves.The values of 4 sub-items among the evaluation index system for the suitability of wetland tourism development as well as the total value were calculated by weighted score.It is shown by the calculation results that the total value of suitability of tourism development for 126 wetland nature reserves falls in between 36.64 and 72.98.According to sub-item evaluation result,Jiangsu wetland resources are clustering into four tourism development types by K-means cluster analysis,namely the highest suitability wetland resources,higher real suitability wetland resources,higher potential suitability wetland resources and low suitability wetland resources,including 38,19,36 and 33 wetland nature reserves respectively.Subsequently,it is suggested that the highest suitability wetland resources should be actively develop and the higher real suitability wetland resources should be moderately developed,the higher potential suitability wetland resources should be developed accompanying economic growth and the development of low suitability wetland resources should be temporarily restricted.Simultaneously,public welfare development ideas have been proposed.Finally,some topics currently without conclusion have also been discussed,including principle of tourism development of wetland resources,inconsistency between tourism development suitability of wetland resources and environmental bearing capacity,and relation of tourism development of wetland resources and environmental destruction.
Starting from the three constituents of tourism system—destination system,tourist source system and travel traffic system—this thesis analyzes the constitution of an evaluation index system for the suitability of wetland tourism development,comes up with this system which is composed of 19 indexes in 4 aspects,namely,resources endowment,urban dependence,traffic accessibility and population & economic base,and determines the weighing of indexes through analytic hierarchy process(AHP),with the aim of quantitatively evaluating the suitability of tourism development for the wetland resources in Jiangsu Province.Next,this thesis sorts out 126 wetland nature reserves within Jiangsu Province from the regional planning for important ecological functional area in Jiangsu Province released by Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province,collects or calculates 19 index to figure for these wetland nature reserves.The values of 4 sub-items among the evaluation index system for the suitability of wetland tourism development as well as the total value were calculated by weighted score.It is shown by the calculation results that the total value of suitability of tourism development for 126 wetland nature reserves falls in between 36.64 and 72.98.According to sub-item evaluation result,Jiangsu wetland resources are clustering into four tourism development types by K-means cluster analysis,namely the highest suitability wetland resources,higher real suitability wetland resources,higher potential suitability wetland resources and low suitability wetland resources,including 38,19,36 and 33 wetland nature reserves respectively.Subsequently,it is suggested that the highest suitability wetland resources should be actively develop and the higher real suitability wetland resources should be moderately developed,the higher potential suitability wetland resources should be developed accompanying economic growth and the development of low suitability wetland resources should be temporarily restricted.Simultaneously,public welfare development ideas have been proposed.Finally,some topics currently without conclusion have also been discussed,including principle of tourism development of wetland resources,inconsistency between tourism development suitability of wetland resources and environmental bearing capacity,and relation of tourism development of wetland resources and environmental destruction.
引文
[1]Mitsch W J,James G G.Wetlands[M].New York:Van Nosteand Reinhold Company,1996.
[2]赵磊,吴文智.中国湿地生态旅游研究进展[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(2):103-108.[ZHAO Lei,WUWen-zhi.Literature reviewon wetland eco-tourism in China.Journal ofShaanxi Normal University:Nat-ural Science Edition,2009,37(2):103-108.]
[3]杨永兴.国际湿地科学研究的主要特点、进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(2):111-120.[YANG Yong-xing.Characteristics,progress and prospects in the international wetlands research.Progress in Geography,2002,21(2):111-120.]
[4]王立龙,陆林.湿地生态旅游研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(6):1517-1524.[WANG Li-long,LU Lin.Research progress on wetland ecotourism.Chinese Journal ofApplied Ecology,2009,20(6):1517-1524.]
[5]刘红玉,林振山,王文卿.湿地资源研究进展与发展方向[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(12):2204-2212.[LIUHong-yu,LINZhen-shan,WANG Wen-qing.Research progress and development prospect of wetland resources.Journal ofNatural Resources,2009,24(12):2204-2212.]
[6]王宪礼,李秀珍.湿地的国内外研究进展[J].生态学杂志,1997,16(1):58-62.[WANG Xian-li,LI Xiu-zhen.Advances in wetlands’researches.Chinese Journal ofEcology,1997,16(1):58-62.]
[7]Regier HA.Indicators of ecosystemintegrity[C]∥Daninel H.Ecological Indicators.Barking:Elsevier Science PublishersLtd.,1992:1491-1502.
[8]Brinson MM.Ahydrogeomorphic classification for wetlands[R].Wetlands research programtechnical report WRP-DE-R,U.S.Vicksburg,MS:Army Enginers Waterways Experiment Station,1993.
[9]Rheinhardt R D,Brinson MM.Applying wetland reference data to functional assessment,mitigation and restoration[J].Wetlands,1997,17(2):195-215.
[10]Wilson R F,Mitsch W J.Functional assessment of five wetlands constructed to mitigate wetland loss in Ohio,USA[J].Wetlands,1996,16(4):436-451.
[11]Bacon P R.Use of wetlands for tourism in the Insular Carribbean[J].Annals ofTourism Research,1987,14:104-117.
[12]陈久和,徐彩娣.城市边缘湿地旅游生态环境容量研究———以杭州西溪国家湿地公园为例[J].科技通报,2006,22(5):714-718.[CHEN Jiu-he,XUCai-di.Study on the tourism environmental capacity of wetland on the edge of thecity—Using Xixi National Wetland Park in Hangzhou as an example.Bulletin ofScience and Technology,2006,22(5):714-718.]
[13]李睿,戎良.杭州西溪国家湿地公园生态旅游环境容量[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(10):2301-2307.[LI Rui,RONG Liang.Ecotourism carrying capacity of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park in China.Chinese Journal ofAppliedEcology,2007,18(10):2301-2307.]
[14]宋春玲,全晓虎.湿地旅游环境承载力研究———以宁夏银川市阅海湿地公园为例[J].湿地科学与管理,2008,4(2):20-23.[SONG Chun-ling,QUAN Xiao-hu.Tourism carrying capacity of wetland:A case study of Yinchuan Yue-hai Lake Wetland Park.Wetland Science&Management,2008,4(2):20-23.]
[15]黄震方,袁林旺,葛军连,等.海滨型旅游地环境承载力评价研究———以江苏海滨湿地生态旅游地为例[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):578-584.[HUANG Zhen-fang,YUAN Lin-wang,GE Jun-lian,et al.Tourism environmentalcarrying capacity and its assessment research—Acase study of ecotourismin coastal wetland of Jiangsu.Scientia Geograph-ica Sinica,2008,28(4):578-584.]
[16]叶萍,黄义雄.闽江河口区湿地生态旅游环境容量研究[J].台湾海峡,2006,25(1):77-82.[YE Ping,HUANGYi-xiong.Study on the environmental capacity of the wetland ecotourism in Minjiang River estuary.Journal ofOceanogra-phy in Taiwan Strait,2006,25(1):77-82.]
[17]林贤福.闽江河口区湿地环境承载力分析[J].龙岩学院学报,2009,27(5):92-96.[LIN Xian-fu.Analysis onthe environment bearing capacity of the wetland in the estuary of Minjiang River.Journal ofLongyan University,2009,27(5):92-96.]
[18]吕东珂,于洪贤.安邦河湿地自然保护区旅游环境承载力时空分异分析及调控策略[J].黑龙江农业科学,2008(6):60-63.[L櫣Dong-ke,YUHong-xian.Aanalyse for space-time distribution of tourism environment bearing capacityand regulating strategy in Anbang River Wetland Nature Reserves.HeilongjiangAgricultural Sciences,2008(6):60-63.]
[19]彭华,赵立军.湖北石首天鹅洲湿地旅游资源评价研究[J].国土资源科技管理,2004,21(2):26-29.[PENGHua,ZHAO Li-jun.Evaluation of tourism resource in Swan Island Wetland.Scientific and Technological Management ofLand and Resources,2004,21(2):26-29.]
[20]齐德利,李加林,葛云健,等.沿海生态旅游资源评价的核心问题探讨——以江苏沿海为例[J].人文地理,2005,20(3):88-93.[QI De-li,LI Jia-lin,GE Yun-jian,et al.On the evaluating theory of ecotourism resources incoastal areas—A case of Jiangsu Coast.Human Geography,2005,20(3):88-93.]
[21]徐菲菲,杨达源,黄震方,等.基于层次熵分析法的湿地生态旅游评价研究——以江苏盐城丹顶鹤湿地自然保护区为例[J].经济地理,2005,25(5):707-719.[XUFei-fei,YANG Da-yuan,HUANG Zhen-fang,et al.Evaluatingecotourism in wetland areas based on enteropy technology and AHP—Acase study on Red Crowned Crane Wetland NatureReserve in Yancheng,Jiangsu.Economic Geocraphy,2005,25(5):707-719.]
[22]王霄,黄震方,袁林旺,等.生态旅游资源潜力评价——以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例[J].经济地理,2007,27(5):830-834.[WANG Xiao,HUANG Zhen-fang,YUAN Lin-wang,et al.A study on potential assessment of ecotourism re-sources:A case of coastal wetlands in Yancheng.Economic Geocraphy,2007,27(5):830-834.]
[23]齐德利,李加林,葛云健,等.沿海生态旅游资源评价指标及尺度研究——以江苏沿海为例[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):508-518.[QI De-li,LI Jia-lin,GE Yun-jian,et al.Indexes and scale related fields in ecotourism re-sources evaluation—Taking Jiangsu coast as an example.Journal ofNatural Resources,2004,19(4):508-518.]
[24]靳诚,陆玉麒,范黎丽.基于公路网络的长江三角洲旅游景点可达性格局研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):258-269.[JIN Cheng,LUYu-qi,FAN Li-li.Research on accessibility of scenic spots in the Yangtze River Deltabased on land traffic network.Journal ofNatural Resources,2010,25(2):258-269.]
[25]朱杰,管卫华,蒋志欣,等.江苏省城市经济影响区格局变化[J].地理学报,2007,62(10):1023-1033.[ZHUJie,GUAN Wei-hua,JIANG Zhi-xin,et al.The evolution of urban economic effect regions in Jiangsu Province since1978.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(10):1023-1033.]
[2]赵磊,吴文智.中国湿地生态旅游研究进展[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(2):103-108.[ZHAO Lei,WUWen-zhi.Literature reviewon wetland eco-tourism in China.Journal ofShaanxi Normal University:Nat-ural Science Edition,2009,37(2):103-108.]
[3]杨永兴.国际湿地科学研究的主要特点、进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(2):111-120.[YANG Yong-xing.Characteristics,progress and prospects in the international wetlands research.Progress in Geography,2002,21(2):111-120.]
[4]王立龙,陆林.湿地生态旅游研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(6):1517-1524.[WANG Li-long,LU Lin.Research progress on wetland ecotourism.Chinese Journal ofApplied Ecology,2009,20(6):1517-1524.]
[5]刘红玉,林振山,王文卿.湿地资源研究进展与发展方向[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(12):2204-2212.[LIUHong-yu,LINZhen-shan,WANG Wen-qing.Research progress and development prospect of wetland resources.Journal ofNatural Resources,2009,24(12):2204-2212.]
[6]王宪礼,李秀珍.湿地的国内外研究进展[J].生态学杂志,1997,16(1):58-62.[WANG Xian-li,LI Xiu-zhen.Advances in wetlands’researches.Chinese Journal ofEcology,1997,16(1):58-62.]
[7]Regier HA.Indicators of ecosystemintegrity[C]∥Daninel H.Ecological Indicators.Barking:Elsevier Science PublishersLtd.,1992:1491-1502.
[8]Brinson MM.Ahydrogeomorphic classification for wetlands[R].Wetlands research programtechnical report WRP-DE-R,U.S.Vicksburg,MS:Army Enginers Waterways Experiment Station,1993.
[9]Rheinhardt R D,Brinson MM.Applying wetland reference data to functional assessment,mitigation and restoration[J].Wetlands,1997,17(2):195-215.
[10]Wilson R F,Mitsch W J.Functional assessment of five wetlands constructed to mitigate wetland loss in Ohio,USA[J].Wetlands,1996,16(4):436-451.
[11]Bacon P R.Use of wetlands for tourism in the Insular Carribbean[J].Annals ofTourism Research,1987,14:104-117.
[12]陈久和,徐彩娣.城市边缘湿地旅游生态环境容量研究———以杭州西溪国家湿地公园为例[J].科技通报,2006,22(5):714-718.[CHEN Jiu-he,XUCai-di.Study on the tourism environmental capacity of wetland on the edge of thecity—Using Xixi National Wetland Park in Hangzhou as an example.Bulletin ofScience and Technology,2006,22(5):714-718.]
[13]李睿,戎良.杭州西溪国家湿地公园生态旅游环境容量[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(10):2301-2307.[LI Rui,RONG Liang.Ecotourism carrying capacity of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park in China.Chinese Journal ofAppliedEcology,2007,18(10):2301-2307.]
[14]宋春玲,全晓虎.湿地旅游环境承载力研究———以宁夏银川市阅海湿地公园为例[J].湿地科学与管理,2008,4(2):20-23.[SONG Chun-ling,QUAN Xiao-hu.Tourism carrying capacity of wetland:A case study of Yinchuan Yue-hai Lake Wetland Park.Wetland Science&Management,2008,4(2):20-23.]
[15]黄震方,袁林旺,葛军连,等.海滨型旅游地环境承载力评价研究———以江苏海滨湿地生态旅游地为例[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):578-584.[HUANG Zhen-fang,YUAN Lin-wang,GE Jun-lian,et al.Tourism environmentalcarrying capacity and its assessment research—Acase study of ecotourismin coastal wetland of Jiangsu.Scientia Geograph-ica Sinica,2008,28(4):578-584.]
[16]叶萍,黄义雄.闽江河口区湿地生态旅游环境容量研究[J].台湾海峡,2006,25(1):77-82.[YE Ping,HUANGYi-xiong.Study on the environmental capacity of the wetland ecotourism in Minjiang River estuary.Journal ofOceanogra-phy in Taiwan Strait,2006,25(1):77-82.]
[17]林贤福.闽江河口区湿地环境承载力分析[J].龙岩学院学报,2009,27(5):92-96.[LIN Xian-fu.Analysis onthe environment bearing capacity of the wetland in the estuary of Minjiang River.Journal ofLongyan University,2009,27(5):92-96.]
[18]吕东珂,于洪贤.安邦河湿地自然保护区旅游环境承载力时空分异分析及调控策略[J].黑龙江农业科学,2008(6):60-63.[L櫣Dong-ke,YUHong-xian.Aanalyse for space-time distribution of tourism environment bearing capacityand regulating strategy in Anbang River Wetland Nature Reserves.HeilongjiangAgricultural Sciences,2008(6):60-63.]
[19]彭华,赵立军.湖北石首天鹅洲湿地旅游资源评价研究[J].国土资源科技管理,2004,21(2):26-29.[PENGHua,ZHAO Li-jun.Evaluation of tourism resource in Swan Island Wetland.Scientific and Technological Management ofLand and Resources,2004,21(2):26-29.]
[20]齐德利,李加林,葛云健,等.沿海生态旅游资源评价的核心问题探讨——以江苏沿海为例[J].人文地理,2005,20(3):88-93.[QI De-li,LI Jia-lin,GE Yun-jian,et al.On the evaluating theory of ecotourism resources incoastal areas—A case of Jiangsu Coast.Human Geography,2005,20(3):88-93.]
[21]徐菲菲,杨达源,黄震方,等.基于层次熵分析法的湿地生态旅游评价研究——以江苏盐城丹顶鹤湿地自然保护区为例[J].经济地理,2005,25(5):707-719.[XUFei-fei,YANG Da-yuan,HUANG Zhen-fang,et al.Evaluatingecotourism in wetland areas based on enteropy technology and AHP—Acase study on Red Crowned Crane Wetland NatureReserve in Yancheng,Jiangsu.Economic Geocraphy,2005,25(5):707-719.]
[22]王霄,黄震方,袁林旺,等.生态旅游资源潜力评价——以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例[J].经济地理,2007,27(5):830-834.[WANG Xiao,HUANG Zhen-fang,YUAN Lin-wang,et al.A study on potential assessment of ecotourism re-sources:A case of coastal wetlands in Yancheng.Economic Geocraphy,2007,27(5):830-834.]
[23]齐德利,李加林,葛云健,等.沿海生态旅游资源评价指标及尺度研究——以江苏沿海为例[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):508-518.[QI De-li,LI Jia-lin,GE Yun-jian,et al.Indexes and scale related fields in ecotourism re-sources evaluation—Taking Jiangsu coast as an example.Journal ofNatural Resources,2004,19(4):508-518.]
[24]靳诚,陆玉麒,范黎丽.基于公路网络的长江三角洲旅游景点可达性格局研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):258-269.[JIN Cheng,LUYu-qi,FAN Li-li.Research on accessibility of scenic spots in the Yangtze River Deltabased on land traffic network.Journal ofNatural Resources,2010,25(2):258-269.]
[25]朱杰,管卫华,蒋志欣,等.江苏省城市经济影响区格局变化[J].地理学报,2007,62(10):1023-1033.[ZHUJie,GUAN Wei-hua,JIANG Zhi-xin,et al.The evolution of urban economic effect regions in Jiangsu Province since1978.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(10):1023-1033.]
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