四川盆地二叠、三叠系环海槽礁、滩富气带勘探
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摘要
四川盆地北部广元—旺苍海槽及开江—梁平海槽的形成、发展和消亡过程对该区上二叠统—下三叠统飞仙关组沉积相的演化及其生物礁、鲕粒滩分布有着明显的控制作用,因而决定了礁、滩气藏的类型、规模及其分布:二叠纪长兴期的海绵—水螅边缘礁集中发育在环海槽的台地边缘相带,是天然气富集的有利储集相带;三叠纪飞仙关期环海槽的碳酸盐台地区鲕粒滩发育,是大中型气藏孔隙性鲕粒云岩、鲕粒灰岩储层发育有利相区。在"环海槽的碳酸盐台地边缘富气带是边缘礁、滩巨厚优质储层发育有利区"重要勘探思路的指导下,自渡口河飞仙关组鲕滩气藏发现后,在环海槽的台地边缘相区又相继发现了罗家寨、铁山坡、滚子坪、普光等大中型气藏,近期在仪陇、苍溪地区礁、滩气藏的勘探也先后获得突破性进展,一个绵延600km,范围近1×104km2的环海槽礁、滩气藏富气带已清楚地显现出来。目前沿该带已发现了8个长兴组边缘礁气藏和13个飞仙关组鲕粒滩气藏,获天然气储量近1×1012m3,其中最大的气藏目前探明储量达到3560×108m3。随着勘探的不断深入,环海槽礁、滩富气带的勘探将会有更大的发现。
Formation,development and consumption of Kaijiang-Liangping trough in the northern Sichuan Basin have obviously controlled the evolution of the sedimentary facies and the distribution of organic reef and oolitic bank in the Permian and Triassic Feixianguan Formation,thus have determined the types,sizes and distributions of the reef-bank gas reservoirs.The Spongia and Hydrozoa reefs in the Permian Changxing age are concentrated in the marginal facies belt of platform surrounding the trough,which is favorable for enrichment of gas.Oolitic banks are well developed in the carbonate platform surrounding the trough in the Triassic Feixianguan age,which is favorable for the development of large-to-medium porous oolitic dolomite and oolitic limestone gas reservoirs.Under the guidance of the exploration idea "gas enrichment zone on the carbonate platform margin surrounding the trough is favorable for development of the very thick marginal reef-bank reservoirs of high quality",several large-to-medium gas reservoirs,such as Luojiazhai,Tieshanpo,Gunziping and Puguang,have been discovered successively in the marginal facies belt of platform surrounding the trough,and some breakthroughs have been made in exploration of reef-bank gas reservoirs in Yilong and Cangxi areas since the discovery of the oolitic bank gas reservoir in the Feixianguan Formation in Dukouhe area.A 600 km long reef-bank gas reservoir belt with an area of near 10 thousand km2 surrounding the trough has been clearly recognized,where 8 marginal reef gas reservoirs in the Changxing Formation and 13 oolitic bank gas reservoirs in the Feixianguan Formation have been discovered and their gas reserves are near 1 tcm,with the largest gas reserves of a single gas reservoir being up to 356 bcm.More significant discoveries will be achieved in this belt by further exploration.
Formation,development and consumption of Kaijiang-Liangping trough in the northern Sichuan Basin have obviously controlled the evolution of the sedimentary facies and the distribution of organic reef and oolitic bank in the Permian and Triassic Feixianguan Formation,thus have determined the types,sizes and distributions of the reef-bank gas reservoirs.The Spongia and Hydrozoa reefs in the Permian Changxing age are concentrated in the marginal facies belt of platform surrounding the trough,which is favorable for enrichment of gas.Oolitic banks are well developed in the carbonate platform surrounding the trough in the Triassic Feixianguan age,which is favorable for the development of large-to-medium porous oolitic dolomite and oolitic limestone gas reservoirs.Under the guidance of the exploration idea "gas enrichment zone on the carbonate platform margin surrounding the trough is favorable for development of the very thick marginal reef-bank reservoirs of high quality",several large-to-medium gas reservoirs,such as Luojiazhai,Tieshanpo,Gunziping and Puguang,have been discovered successively in the marginal facies belt of platform surrounding the trough,and some breakthroughs have been made in exploration of reef-bank gas reservoirs in Yilong and Cangxi areas since the discovery of the oolitic bank gas reservoir in the Feixianguan Formation in Dukouhe area.A 600 km long reef-bank gas reservoir belt with an area of near 10 thousand km2 surrounding the trough has been clearly recognized,where 8 marginal reef gas reservoirs in the Changxing Formation and 13 oolitic bank gas reservoirs in the Feixianguan Formation have been discovered and their gas reserves are near 1 tcm,with the largest gas reserves of a single gas reservoir being up to 356 bcm.More significant discoveries will be achieved in this belt by further exploration.
引文
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[21]王一刚,文应初,强子同,等.川东下三叠统飞仙关组鲕粒灰岩的成岩作用及孔隙特征研究[J].海相沉积区油气地质,1987,1(2):25-35.
[22]王一刚,张静,刘兴刚,等.四川盆地东北部下三叠统飞仙关组碳酸盐蒸发台地沉积相[J].古地理学报,2005,8(3):354-372.
[23]张静,王一刚,文应初,等.四川宣汉河口地区飞仙关早期碳酸盐蒸发台地边缘沉积特征[J].天然气工业,2003,23(2):19-22.
[24]王一刚.窦立荣,文应初.等.四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组高含硫气藏H2S成因研究[J].地球化学,2002,31(6):517-524.
[25]王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,等.四川盆地三叠系飞仙关组气藏储层成岩作用研究拾零[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):831-839.
[2]王一刚,陈盛吉,徐世琦.四川盆地古生界—上元古界天然气成藏条件及勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[3]王一刚,刘划一,文应初,等.川东飞仙关组鲕滩成层分布规律、勘探方法与远景预测[J].天然气工业,2002,22(增刊):14-19.
[4]许效松,刘宝?,牟传龙,等.中国中西部海相盆地分析与油气资源[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:147-149.
[5]马永生,郭旭升,凡睿.川东北普光气田飞仙关组鲕滩储集层预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):60-64.
[6]SCHLAGER W,CHERMAK A.Sedi ment facies of plat-form-basin transition,tongue of the ocean,Bahamas[J]∥DOYLE L J,PILKEY O H.Geology of continental slopes:SEPMSpecial Publication,1979,27:193-208.
[7]TUCKER ME,WRIGHT V P.Carbonate sedi mentolo-gy[M].London:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1990:228-283.
[8]JAMES N P,KENDALL A C.Introductionto carbonate and evaporite favies models[M]∥WALKER R G,JANES N P.Facies models:response to sea levelchange.Newfoundland:Geological Association of Canada Publi-cations,1997.
[9]HEATH K C,MULLINS H T.Openocean,off-banktransport of fine-graind carbonate sedi ment in the north-ern Bahamas[M]∥STOWD A V,PIPER D J W.Fine-grained sedi ments:deep water processes and facies.Lon-don:Blakwell Scientific Publications,1984:199-208.
[10]COOK H E,HINE A C,MULLINS H T.Platform margin and deep water carbonates[J].SEPM,1983,Short Course12:4-1to4-125.
[11]罗自立.中国西南地区晚古生代以来地裂运动对石油等矿产形成的影响[J].四川地质学报,1981,2(1):1-17.
[12]杜远生,殷鸿福,王治平,等.秦岭造山带晚加里东—早海西期的盆地格局与构造演化[J].地球科学,1997,22(4):401-405.
[13]辜学达,刘啸虎.四川省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:147.
[14]冯增昭,杨玉卿,金振奎,等.中国南方二叠纪岩相古地理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1997:79-88.
[15]强子同,文应初,唐杰,等.四川及邻区晚二叠世沉积作用及沉积盆地的发展[J].沉积学报,1990,8(1):79-89.
[16]王一刚,洪海涛,夏茂龙,等.四川盆地开江—梁平海槽内发现大隆组沉积[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):32-36.
[17]王一刚,洪海涛,夏茂龙,等.四川盆地及邻区上二叠统—下三叠统海槽的深水沉积特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5):702-714.
[18]王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,等.川东北三叠系飞仙关组深层鲕滩气藏勘探目标[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):5-9.
[19]刘划一,张静,洪海涛,等.四川盆地东北部长兴组飞仙关组气藏形成条件研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,2001(2):30-38.
[20]文应初,王一刚,程绪彬,等.四川地区早三叠世飞仙关期碳酸盐台地增生与有利储集相带展布[J].天然气工业,1988,8(3):357-371.
[21]王一刚,文应初,强子同,等.川东下三叠统飞仙关组鲕粒灰岩的成岩作用及孔隙特征研究[J].海相沉积区油气地质,1987,1(2):25-35.
[22]王一刚,张静,刘兴刚,等.四川盆地东北部下三叠统飞仙关组碳酸盐蒸发台地沉积相[J].古地理学报,2005,8(3):354-372.
[23]张静,王一刚,文应初,等.四川宣汉河口地区飞仙关早期碳酸盐蒸发台地边缘沉积特征[J].天然气工业,2003,23(2):19-22.
[24]王一刚.窦立荣,文应初.等.四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组高含硫气藏H2S成因研究[J].地球化学,2002,31(6):517-524.
[25]王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,等.四川盆地三叠系飞仙关组气藏储层成岩作用研究拾零[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):831-839.
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