贵州西部煤矿区不同类型河流沉积物重金属含量及生态风险评价
|
摘要
通过对典型煤矿区的河流表层沉积物进行调查与采样分析,探讨不同类型河流沉积物重金属质量比的变化及对水生态环境的影响。结果表明,受矸石堆场排水、矿井排水和洗煤排水的影响,煤矿区污染河流的沉积物可分为砂质沉积物、黄色泥质沉积物和黑色泥质沉积物。黄色泥质沉积物中Fe、Cd、Hg的平均质量比分别是黑色泥质沉积物的4.46倍、2.19倍、1.59倍,是砂质沉积物的2.36倍、2.43倍、1.59倍;而黄色泥质沉积物中Cr的平均质量比分别是黑色泥质沉积物和砂质沉积物的1.20倍和8.5%;黄色泥质沉积物中Pb、As的平均质量比分别是黑色泥质沉积物的22.62%和45.85%,是砂质沉积物的47.21%和88.84%。3种沉积物之间Fe和Pb的平均质量比差异较大,其次为Cd和As,再次为Hg、Zn、Mn。通过对沉积物重金属进行潜在生态风险指数(RI)分析、覆水释放与隆线溞生物毒性试验,发现3种沉积物重金属都具有很强的生态风险,其强度从大到小表现为黄色泥质沉积物、黑色泥质沉积物、砂质沉积物。
This paper is committed to an investigation on the river sediments in 2 typical coal mining areas based on their local source features by collecting 24 kinds of authentic samples.For the study purpose,we have done the latent ecological risk assessment for the heavy metal contents in different types of sediments with the so-called Hakanson potential ecological risk index.At the same time,we have also carried out the overlying water soaking test on the collected sediment samples in the laboratory,and then Daphnia carinata biological toxic test has been done by the overlying water obtained by soaking the sediments.The results of our investigation have shown that under the impact of the gangue dumps drainage,the mining drainage and the coal washing drainage,it is possible for us researchers to divide the aforementioned sediments into three sorts:the sandy sediments(SS),the yellow argillaceous sediments(YAS) and the black argillaceous sediments(BAS),by which we have found that the contents of the heavy metal can be listed as follows:the rates for Fe,Cd or Hg in the YAS are 4.46 times,2.19 times or 1.59 times of that in the BAS,respectively,whereas 2.36 times,2.43 times or 1.59 times of that in the SS.As to the content of Cr in the YAS,it accounts for 1.20 times of that in the BAS,and 85%of that in SS.In addition,the contents of Pb and As in the YAS are 22.62%and 45.85%of those in the BAS,and 47.21%and 88.84%of those in the SS respectively.The contents of Pb and Fe in the three sediments have the largest deviations,followed by Cd and As,then Hg,Zn and Mn.The results of Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment demonstrate that the potential ecological risk indexes(RI) of heavy metals in the three kinds of sediments in the study area have all reached the " very strong" level On average,the RI value of the YAS may account for 1.67 times of that in the BAS,while 1.79 times of that in SS.Fe,Mn,Hg and As are the major exceeded elements in overlying water of the three kinds of sediments.The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the overlying water of YAS are equal to 1.83 times and 1.41 times of those in SS overlying water respectively,and 98.90 times and8.20 times of those in overlying water of BAS,respectively.Besides,the concentrations of Hg and As in the overlying water of BAS stand for 5.74 times and 116.91 times of those in YAS overlying water respectively,and 10.03 times and 131.06 times of those in SS overlying water.The overlying water of the three kinds of sediments have all exhibited strong toxicity towards Daphnia carinata,and its toxicity intensity generally manifests in a descending order as is shown below:YAS > BAS > SS.
This paper is committed to an investigation on the river sediments in 2 typical coal mining areas based on their local source features by collecting 24 kinds of authentic samples.For the study purpose,we have done the latent ecological risk assessment for the heavy metal contents in different types of sediments with the so-called Hakanson potential ecological risk index.At the same time,we have also carried out the overlying water soaking test on the collected sediment samples in the laboratory,and then Daphnia carinata biological toxic test has been done by the overlying water obtained by soaking the sediments.The results of our investigation have shown that under the impact of the gangue dumps drainage,the mining drainage and the coal washing drainage,it is possible for us researchers to divide the aforementioned sediments into three sorts:the sandy sediments(SS),the yellow argillaceous sediments(YAS) and the black argillaceous sediments(BAS),by which we have found that the contents of the heavy metal can be listed as follows:the rates for Fe,Cd or Hg in the YAS are 4.46 times,2.19 times or 1.59 times of that in the BAS,respectively,whereas 2.36 times,2.43 times or 1.59 times of that in the SS.As to the content of Cr in the YAS,it accounts for 1.20 times of that in the BAS,and 85%of that in SS.In addition,the contents of Pb and As in the YAS are 22.62%and 45.85%of those in the BAS,and 47.21%and 88.84%of those in the SS respectively.The contents of Pb and Fe in the three sediments have the largest deviations,followed by Cd and As,then Hg,Zn and Mn.The results of Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment demonstrate that the potential ecological risk indexes(RI) of heavy metals in the three kinds of sediments in the study area have all reached the " very strong" level On average,the RI value of the YAS may account for 1.67 times of that in the BAS,while 1.79 times of that in SS.Fe,Mn,Hg and As are the major exceeded elements in overlying water of the three kinds of sediments.The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the overlying water of YAS are equal to 1.83 times and 1.41 times of those in SS overlying water respectively,and 98.90 times and8.20 times of those in overlying water of BAS,respectively.Besides,the concentrations of Hg and As in the overlying water of BAS stand for 5.74 times and 116.91 times of those in YAS overlying water respectively,and 10.03 times and 131.06 times of those in SS overlying water.The overlying water of the three kinds of sediments have all exhibited strong toxicity towards Daphnia carinata,and its toxicity intensity generally manifests in a descending order as is shown below:YAS > BAS > SS.
引文
[1]WEI Tianjiao(韦天娇).A discussion on development strategy from the superior resource of coal in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology(贵州地质),1996,13(1):93-96.
[2]YUE Mei(岳梅),ZHAO Fenghua(赵峰华),REN Deyi(任德贻).The environment geochemistry infonnation of the coal mine acid mining drainage[J].Coal Geology&Exploration(煤田地质与勘探),2004,32(3):152-156.
[3]SUN J,TANG C Y,WU P,et al.Migration of Cu,Zn,Cd and As in epikarst water affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield basin,Xingren,Southwest China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(8):2623-2632.
[4]SALMANIGHABESHI S,PALOMO-MARIN M R,BERNALTE E,et al.Long-term assessment of ecological risk from deposition of elemental pollutants in the vicinity of the industrial area of PuchuncavlVentanas,central Chile[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,527/528(3):335-343.
[5]SANTOS M J,TARLEY C R T,CUNHA I,et al.Leachability of major and minor elements from soils and sediments of an abandoned coal mining area in Southern Brazil[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(3):83.
[6]LIAO Fen(廖芬).Pollution characteristics of surface sediments and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in high arsenic coal mine area in Xingren[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology(绿色科技),2015(4):179-182.
[7]WU Pan(吴攀),LIU Congqiang(刘丛强),ZHANG Guoping(张国平),et al.Chemical forms and ecological risks of heavy metals in river sediment at carbonatite mining area[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment(生态与农村环境学报),2004,20(3):28-32.
[8]XU Shannan(徐姗楠),LI Chunhou(李纯厚),XU Jiaojiao(徐娇娇),et al.Pollution by heavy metals in the petrochemical sewage waters of the sea area of Daya Bay and assessment on potential ecological risks[J].Environmental Science(环境科学),2014,35(6):2075-2084.
[9]ZHANG Ling(张玲),LIU Fang(刘方),WU Yonggui(吴永贵),et al.Effects of pollutants on the overlying water from river sediments in coal mining area[J].Environmental Protection&Technology(环保科技),2008,14(3):34-37.
[10]YANG Zhen(杨振),HU Ming'an(胡明安),HUANG Song(黄松).Heavy metals pollution in stream sediments and potential ecological risk assessment in Dabaoshan mining area[J].Journal of Guilin University of Technology(桂林工学院学报),2007,27(1).44-48.
[11]TANG Zhenwu(唐阵武),YUE Yong(岳勇),CHENG Jiali(程家丽).Pollution characteristics and risks of heavy metals in the sediments from the middle and small rivers in Wuhan[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2009,23(1):132-136.
[12]TAO Shuping(陶述平),TAN Xide(谭西德),HUANG Xirong(黄昔容).Rock characteristics of Longtan formation of Zhijin coal mine in Guizhou and its significance[J].Hunan Geology(湖南地质),2006,20(4):247-250.[
[13]DING Zhenhua(丁振华),ZHENG Baoshan(郑宝山),CHEN Chaogang(陈朝刚),et al.Distribution of high arsenic coals from southwest Guizhou Province[J].Geochimica(地球化学),2000,29(5):493-494.
[14]LIANG Juan(梁娟).Characteristics of the sediment and sedimentary environment in the Modaomen Estuary[J].Tropical Geography(热带地理),2005,25(2):117-122.
[15]COOMAN K,DEBELS P,GAJARDO M,et al.Use of Daphnia spp.for the ecotoxicological assessment of water quality in an agricultural watershed in South-Central Chile[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2005,48(2):191-200.
[16]wu Yonggui(吴永贵),YUAN Ling(袁玲),HUANG Jianguo(黄建国).Comparison of phototaxis index with acute toxicity test(LC_(50))using Daphnia carinata[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2004,24(5):905-909.
[17]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sediment logical approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[18]XU Zhengqi(徐争启),NI Shijun(倪师军),TUO Xianguo(庹先国),et al.Calculation of heavy metals'toxicity coefficient in the evaluation of potential ecological risk index[J].Environmental Science&Technology(环境科学与技术),2008,31(2):112-115.
[19]HE Shaolin(何邵麟).Geochemical background of supergene sediments in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology(贵州地质),1998,15(2):149-156.
[20]HUANG Boping(黄波平),WU Yonggui(吴永贵),SHEN Wantun(申万暾),et al.Acute toxicity and safe concentration of arsenic and fluoride to Daphnia carinata[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences(贵州农业科学),2011,39(3):106-110.
[2]YUE Mei(岳梅),ZHAO Fenghua(赵峰华),REN Deyi(任德贻).The environment geochemistry infonnation of the coal mine acid mining drainage[J].Coal Geology&Exploration(煤田地质与勘探),2004,32(3):152-156.
[3]SUN J,TANG C Y,WU P,et al.Migration of Cu,Zn,Cd and As in epikarst water affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield basin,Xingren,Southwest China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(8):2623-2632.
[4]SALMANIGHABESHI S,PALOMO-MARIN M R,BERNALTE E,et al.Long-term assessment of ecological risk from deposition of elemental pollutants in the vicinity of the industrial area of PuchuncavlVentanas,central Chile[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,527/528(3):335-343.
[5]SANTOS M J,TARLEY C R T,CUNHA I,et al.Leachability of major and minor elements from soils and sediments of an abandoned coal mining area in Southern Brazil[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(3):83.
[6]LIAO Fen(廖芬).Pollution characteristics of surface sediments and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in high arsenic coal mine area in Xingren[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology(绿色科技),2015(4):179-182.
[7]WU Pan(吴攀),LIU Congqiang(刘丛强),ZHANG Guoping(张国平),et al.Chemical forms and ecological risks of heavy metals in river sediment at carbonatite mining area[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment(生态与农村环境学报),2004,20(3):28-32.
[8]XU Shannan(徐姗楠),LI Chunhou(李纯厚),XU Jiaojiao(徐娇娇),et al.Pollution by heavy metals in the petrochemical sewage waters of the sea area of Daya Bay and assessment on potential ecological risks[J].Environmental Science(环境科学),2014,35(6):2075-2084.
[9]ZHANG Ling(张玲),LIU Fang(刘方),WU Yonggui(吴永贵),et al.Effects of pollutants on the overlying water from river sediments in coal mining area[J].Environmental Protection&Technology(环保科技),2008,14(3):34-37.
[10]YANG Zhen(杨振),HU Ming'an(胡明安),HUANG Song(黄松).Heavy metals pollution in stream sediments and potential ecological risk assessment in Dabaoshan mining area[J].Journal of Guilin University of Technology(桂林工学院学报),2007,27(1).44-48.
[11]TANG Zhenwu(唐阵武),YUE Yong(岳勇),CHENG Jiali(程家丽).Pollution characteristics and risks of heavy metals in the sediments from the middle and small rivers in Wuhan[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2009,23(1):132-136.
[12]TAO Shuping(陶述平),TAN Xide(谭西德),HUANG Xirong(黄昔容).Rock characteristics of Longtan formation of Zhijin coal mine in Guizhou and its significance[J].Hunan Geology(湖南地质),2006,20(4):247-250.[
[13]DING Zhenhua(丁振华),ZHENG Baoshan(郑宝山),CHEN Chaogang(陈朝刚),et al.Distribution of high arsenic coals from southwest Guizhou Province[J].Geochimica(地球化学),2000,29(5):493-494.
[14]LIANG Juan(梁娟).Characteristics of the sediment and sedimentary environment in the Modaomen Estuary[J].Tropical Geography(热带地理),2005,25(2):117-122.
[15]COOMAN K,DEBELS P,GAJARDO M,et al.Use of Daphnia spp.for the ecotoxicological assessment of water quality in an agricultural watershed in South-Central Chile[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2005,48(2):191-200.
[16]wu Yonggui(吴永贵),YUAN Ling(袁玲),HUANG Jianguo(黄建国).Comparison of phototaxis index with acute toxicity test(LC_(50))using Daphnia carinata[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2004,24(5):905-909.
[17]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sediment logical approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[18]XU Zhengqi(徐争启),NI Shijun(倪师军),TUO Xianguo(庹先国),et al.Calculation of heavy metals'toxicity coefficient in the evaluation of potential ecological risk index[J].Environmental Science&Technology(环境科学与技术),2008,31(2):112-115.
[19]HE Shaolin(何邵麟).Geochemical background of supergene sediments in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology(贵州地质),1998,15(2):149-156.
[20]HUANG Boping(黄波平),WU Yonggui(吴永贵),SHEN Wantun(申万暾),et al.Acute toxicity and safe concentration of arsenic and fluoride to Daphnia carinata[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences(贵州农业科学),2011,39(3):106-110.
目录