三峡水库蓄水后长江上游水沙变化分析
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摘要
根据三峡水库蓄水前后水沙资料,对长江上游水沙特性进行了分析,结果表明上游水文站近期年径流量变化不大,年输沙量有减小的趋势,三峡入库沙量持续减少,输沙量减少主要集中于汛期,其中北碚、屏山站年输沙量的减小是三峡入库沙量减小的主要原因;清溪场水文站受三峡水库回水影响,流量与含沙量相关关系在汛期时基本一致,枯期时含沙量减小,说明泥沙在上游落淤;上游主要水文站实测悬沙有变细的趋势,其中万县和宜昌站实测悬沙粒径减小幅度较大。
The trend of water flow and sediment change are analyzed based on the observed data of the hydrographic station before and after the impounding of Three Gorges Reservoir.It is shown that the trend of runoff evolvement in upper Changjiang River is not distinct,but the trend of sediment transport decrease is distinct.The incoming sediment of Three Gorges Reservoir decreases constantly and sediment reduction is mainly concentrated in flood seasons,while the reducing sediment of Beibei Station and Pingshan Station are the major reasons.The backwater of Three Gorges Reservoir influences the rating curves of Qinxichang Station,the correlation between water discharge and sand content in flood season is good while sand content decreases in dry seasons,it means that sedimentation occurs in upper Yangtze River.The particle size of suspend load in the main hydrographic stations in upper Changjiang River decreases while the measured suspended load particle size in Wanxian Station and Yichang Station decreases by a big margin.
The trend of water flow and sediment change are analyzed based on the observed data of the hydrographic station before and after the impounding of Three Gorges Reservoir.It is shown that the trend of runoff evolvement in upper Changjiang River is not distinct,but the trend of sediment transport decrease is distinct.The incoming sediment of Three Gorges Reservoir decreases constantly and sediment reduction is mainly concentrated in flood seasons,while the reducing sediment of Beibei Station and Pingshan Station are the major reasons.The backwater of Three Gorges Reservoir influences the rating curves of Qinxichang Station,the correlation between water discharge and sand content in flood season is good while sand content decreases in dry seasons,it means that sedimentation occurs in upper Yangtze River.The particle size of suspend load in the main hydrographic stations in upper Changjiang River decreases while the measured suspended load particle size in Wanxian Station and Yichang Station decreases by a big margin.
引文
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[2]许全喜,石国钰,陈泽方.长江上游近期水沙变化特点及其趋势分析[J].水科学进展,2004,15(4):420-425.
[3]渠庚,沈俊,巩艳国.长江上游地区来水来沙变化趋势及其影响研究[J].水利科技与经济,2005,1(12):752-756.
[4]戴会超,王玲玲,蒋定国.三峡水库蓄水前后长江上游近期水沙变化趋势[J].水利学报,2007(S1):226-231.
[5]张莉莉,陈进.长江上游水沙变化分析[J].长江科学院院报,2007,24(6):34-36.
[6]李龙成,陈光兰,岑静,等.长江上游岷江流域水沙变化特征分析[J].人民长江,2008,39(20):43-49.
[7]丁文峰,张平仓,任洪玉.近50年来嘉陵江流域径流泥沙演变规律及驱动因素定量分析[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(3):23-327.
[8]师长兴,杜俊.长江上游输沙量阶段性变化和原因分析[J].泥沙研究,2009,(4):17-23.
[9]许炯心,孙季.长江上游干支流悬移质含沙量的变化及其原因[J].地理研究,2008,27(2):332-341.
[10]王昌杰.河流动力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[11]刘东生,陈松生.三峡水库进出库水沙特性、水库淤积及坝下游河道冲刷分析[R].武汉:长江水利委员会水文局,2009.
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