贵州省燃煤污染型地氟病2007年度监测报告
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摘要
目的:掌握贵州省2007年度燃煤型病区地氟病病情现状、消长和发展趋势以及降氟措施落实进度及降氟设施使用管理情况,为制定燃煤污染型防治策略提供科学依据。方法:按照全国地氟病监测方案规定的方法和要求进行监测,选择了毕节市海子街镇坪山村、普定县补郎乡等堆村、普安县青山镇范家寨村作为监测点,调查监测县降氟改炉改灶措施落实进度、降氟炉灶使用情况;采集居民户室内空气,测定空气中含氟量;采集居民点主要食物,酸浸电极法测定含氟量;采集8~12周岁儿童尿样,离子选择电极法测定含氟量;以Dean氏法诊断8~12周岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况;抽查成人拍X片检查氟骨症。结果:在实施中央财政专项资金防治地氟病项目的毕节、普定县,完成改良炉灶91169户;3个监测点的室内空气含氟量均超过国家标准;玉米、辣椒含氟量普遍超过国家标准,玉米最高含氟量均值超过国家标准14倍,辣椒最高含氟量均质超过国家标准427倍;儿童尿氟值毕节坪山村、普定县等堆村超过标准1 mg/L;儿童氟斑牙检出率较高,其中普安县范家寨儿童氟斑牙检出率>90%;成人氟骨症检查率>50%,以I度居多。结论:2007年在实施防治地氟病项目的监测县防治措施落实进度有较大增长,但是病区室内空气和玉米、辣椒氟污染依然严重,仍需加强项目的落实和健康教育,才能使氟中毒病情得到有效控制。
Objective:To know the fulfillment and effects of control measures and dynamic prevalence of coal-burning endemic fluorosis in guizhou in 2007,to provide basis and technique support for endemic fluorosis control in guizhou.Method:The survey was carried out according to The National Survey Scheme of endemic fluorosis,covering pingshan village,dengdui village,fanjia village in 3counties.Fluoride content in indoor air main food and urine was determined with iron selective electrode method,and dental fluoride of 8~12 years old children was diagnosed with method,the inspect of sketletal fluorosis patient.Results:A total of 91169 new stoves were installed in bijie and puding countries,and rate of improved stoves increased by 30.25%.3 Fluoride content in indoor air 、corns and chilli exceeded the state standard generally,and the highest(mean)in corns exceeded the state standard nearly by 14 times,while the highest(mean)in chilli exceeded the standard by 427 times.Urine fluoride content in children was more than 1 mg/L.Detectable rate of dental fluorosis in children were higher.The fanjia village was more than 90%.The test outs of Skeletal fluorosis patient was more than 50%,the condition of disease was main in I degree.Conclusions:Progress of control measures in coal-burning counties surveyed was made greatly in 2007.but indoor air corns and chilli in coal-burning areas were still polluted by fluoride seriously.Prevalence of endemic fluorosis is controlled effectively only by control measures and health education.
Objective:To know the fulfillment and effects of control measures and dynamic prevalence of coal-burning endemic fluorosis in guizhou in 2007,to provide basis and technique support for endemic fluorosis control in guizhou.Method:The survey was carried out according to The National Survey Scheme of endemic fluorosis,covering pingshan village,dengdui village,fanjia village in 3counties.Fluoride content in indoor air main food and urine was determined with iron selective electrode method,and dental fluoride of 8~12 years old children was diagnosed with method,the inspect of sketletal fluorosis patient.Results:A total of 91169 new stoves were installed in bijie and puding countries,and rate of improved stoves increased by 30.25%.3 Fluoride content in indoor air 、corns and chilli exceeded the state standard generally,and the highest(mean)in corns exceeded the state standard nearly by 14 times,while the highest(mean)in chilli exceeded the standard by 427 times.Urine fluoride content in children was more than 1 mg/L.Detectable rate of dental fluorosis in children were higher.The fanjia village was more than 90%.The test outs of Skeletal fluorosis patient was more than 50%,the condition of disease was main in I degree.Conclusions:Progress of control measures in coal-burning counties surveyed was made greatly in 2007.but indoor air corns and chilli in coal-burning areas were still polluted by fluoride seriously.Prevalence of endemic fluorosis is controlled effectively only by control measures and health education.
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