安徽庐枞盆地砖桥深部钻孔内电气石对铀钍成矿流体在高温阶段的指示意义
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摘要
安徽庐枞盆地砖桥深部钻孔深部(1 500~1 900 m)岩体内存在大量铀钍矿化,局部达到工业品位,为区域铀钍矿床(点)在盆地深部、高温热液阶段的产物。钻孔内存在大量电气石族矿物,电气石经历了生长-溶蚀、交代、再沉积-再生长的过程,可至少划分为3个期次,具有以下特点:①晶体因化学成分不同而呈现不同的颜色、结构;②存在于高温阶段;③由于氧化还原状态、流体成分的改变,化学成分发生Fe-Al、Fe-Mg等置换;④从早到晚的3个期次电气石中Mg含量均较高且相对稳定,Fe3+含量逐渐升高,反映氧逸度逐渐升高。电气石族矿物常在高中温热液矿床内出现,因具有多期次且颜色可随成分不同而异,常认为在找矿和勘察中具有重大意义。深钻内多期次的电气石化揭示了流体早期相对富镁,而后镁、铝含量有所降低,铁的含量相对升高。电气石反映出流体氧逸度逐渐升高和富F、B、H2O等挥发分的特征,这些为U6+的形成和运移提供了环境,反映了铀钍成矿流体在盆地深部高温阶段的演化特征。
The Deep Drilling Pprogram, namely SinoProbe-03-06, was implemented at Zhuanqiao, Lujiang City, Anhui Province,where thoriumanduraniumanomalieswere found,whichmightindicate ahigh temperature mineralizationstyle of uranium depositin the depthof the basin.Abundant tourmaline-groupmineralswere foundin the core,which couldbe classified into at least three types.The mineralsexhibitsome general features:① sectorandoscillatory chemical zoningof crystals;② formation in high temperature;③ Fe-Al,Fe-Mg coupled substitution;④ high Mg content and evolution of varieties fromAl-rich to Fe3+-rich through Fe-Al coupled substitution caused by the increase of fO2. Tourmalines usually occur in high-temperature hydrothermal deposits and can be taken as efficient indicators for both prospecting and exploration of these important mineral deposits. The study indicates that the fO2of the fluids was rising and the fluids carried plenty of volatile materialssuchasF,BandH2Owith theevolutionof the tourmaline,whichprovidedafavorableenvironmentforthe formationof U6+ and the migrationofsome usefulelements.These dataalsopresentsome constraintsonfeaturesof the fluidsin the deep basin.
The Deep Drilling Pprogram, namely SinoProbe-03-06, was implemented at Zhuanqiao, Lujiang City, Anhui Province,where thoriumanduraniumanomalieswere found,whichmightindicate ahigh temperature mineralizationstyle of uranium depositin the depthof the basin.Abundant tourmaline-groupmineralswere foundin the core,which couldbe classified into at least three types.The mineralsexhibitsome general features:① sectorandoscillatory chemical zoningof crystals;② formation in high temperature;③ Fe-Al,Fe-Mg coupled substitution;④ high Mg content and evolution of varieties fromAl-rich to Fe3+-rich through Fe-Al coupled substitution caused by the increase of fO2. Tourmalines usually occur in high-temperature hydrothermal deposits and can be taken as efficient indicators for both prospecting and exploration of these important mineral deposits. The study indicates that the fO2of the fluids was rising and the fluids carried plenty of volatile materialssuchasF,BandH2Owith theevolutionof the tourmaline,whichprovidedafavorableenvironmentforthe formationof U6+ and the migrationofsome usefulelements.These dataalsopresentsome constraintsonfeaturesof the fluidsin the deep basin.
引文
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Du Letian and Wang Yuming.1984.The integration of metallogenic mechanisms of the granite-type,volcanic rock-type,carbonaceoussliceous-pelitic rock-type,and sandstone-type uranium deposits in South China[J].Radioactive Geology,(3):1~10(in Chinese).
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Dutrow B L,Holdaway M J and Hinton R W.1986.Lithium in staurolite and its petrologic significance[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,94:496~506.
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Hawthorne F C and Henry D J.1999.Classification of the minerals of the tourmaline group[J].European Journal of Mineralogy,11:201~216.
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Henry D J and Dutrow B L.2001.Compositional zoning and element partitioning in nickeloan tourmaline from a metamorphosed karstbauxite from Samos,Greece[J].American Mineralogist,86:1 130~1 142.
Henry D J,Dutrow B L and Selverstone J.2003.Compositional asymmetry in replacement tourmaline-An example from the Tauern Window,Eastern Alps[J].American Mineralogist,88(8~9):1 399~1 399.
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Liu Yingjun and Cao Liming.1987.Guidance to Element Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,81~97(in Chinese).
Mao Jingwen,Wang Pingan,Wang Denghong,et al.1993.The tracer of tourmaline for rock-forming and metallogenic environmentsand its applied conditions[J].Geological Reviews,39(6):497~507(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mercadier J,Richard A and Cathelineau M.2012.Boron-and magnesiumrich marine brinesat the origin of giant unconformity-related uranium deposits:δ11B evidence from Mg-tourmalines[J].Geology,40(3):231~234.
Qiu Tianren and Yang Yueqing.1996.The color and composition of tourmaline in China[J].Mineral Deposits,15:65~68(in Chinese).
Ren Qijiang,Liu Xiaoshan,Xu Zhaowen,et al.1991.The Luzong Mesozoic Volcanic Tectonic Depression and Its Related Metallogensis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~145(in Chinese).
Sengupta N,Sengupta P and Sachan H K.2011.Aluminous and alkalideficient tourmaline from the Singhbhum Shear Zone,East Indian shield:Insight for polyphase boron infiltration during regional metamorphism[J].American Mineralogist,96:752~767.
Wang Yuanlong,Kang Xu,Wang Shuzhen,et al.1996.Study of color tourmalines for their colr genesis from altay,XinJiang[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,3(10):172~178(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Zhengqi and Li Ziying.2007.Discussion on Mantle-derived Uranium Mineralization[J].Geological Review,53(5):608~615(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Jianhua,Liu Shuai,Yu Dagan,et al.2005.Mantle geofluid and uranium ore-formation model[J].Uranium Geology,21(4):196~203 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Rengui and Yu Dagan.2000.Comparison of or formation characteristics of uranium deposit No.134 to those of uranium deposits No.1611 and 6122[J].Uranium Geology,16(4):204~211(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiong Xin,Xu Wenyi,Jia Liqiong,et al.2013.Modes of occurrence and composition of uranium and thorium minerals in deep drilling program in Zhuanqiao of Lujiang,Anhui Province[J].Mineral Deposits,32(6):1 211~1 220(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan Feng,Zhou Taofa,Fan Yu,et al.2008.Source,evolution and tectonic setting of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Luzong basin,Anhui province[J].Atca Petrologica Sinica,24(8):1 691~1 702(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Zheng Dazhong.2003.New approach to the migration-enrichment mechanism for uranium[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,23(2):77~86 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Taofa,Fan Yu and Yuan Feng.2008.Advances on petrogensis and metallogeny study of the mineralization belt of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River area[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(8):1 665~1 678(in Chinese with English abstract).
常印佛,刘湘培,吴言昌.1991.长江中下游铜铁成矿带[M].北京:地质出版社,1~56.
杜乐天.2011.中国热液铀矿成矿理论体系[J].铀矿地质,27(2):65 ~68.
杜乐天,王玉明.1984.华南花岗岩型、火山岩型、碳硅泥岩型、砂岩型铀矿成矿机理的统一性[J].放射性地质,(3):1~10.
胡宝群,白丽红,徐达忠.2001.下庄铀矿田早期高温成矿作用及其意义[J].铀矿地质,17(5):280~284.
姜耀辉,蒋少涌,凌洪飞.2004.地幔流体与铀成矿作用[J].地学前缘,11(2):491~496.
黄小勇,张辉,唐勇,等.2008.广西银屏富B花岗岩及其晶洞中电气石的化学组成特征以及对岩浆-热液演化的指示[J].矿物学报,28(1):25~34.
李朝长,金和海.2010.庐枞地区东部黄梅尖岩体及周边地段找铀矿前景分析[J].安徽地质,20(3):197~203.
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刘国彬,卢焕章.1985.新疆宝石级彩色电气石中包裹体研究[J].地球化学,3:264~268.
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毛景文,王平安,王登红,等.1993.电气石对成岩成矿环境的示踪性及应用条件[J].地质论评,39(6):497~507.
邹天人,杨岳清.1996.中国电气石(碧玺)的颜色与成分[J].矿床地质,15(增刊):65~68.
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王正其,李子颖.2007.幔源铀成矿作用探讨[J].地质论评,53(5):608 ~615.
巫建华,刘帅,余达淦,等.2005.地幔流体与铀成矿模式[J].铀矿地质,21(4):196~203.
吴仁贵,余达淦.2000.相山铀矿田611和6122矿床与34号矿床矿石建造特征对比[J].铀矿地质,16(4):204~211.
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Du Letian.2011.On the theory system of hydrothermal uranium metalization in China[J].Uranium Geology,27(2):65~68(in Chinese with English abstract).
Du Letian and Wang Yuming.1984.The integration of metallogenic mechanisms of the granite-type,volcanic rock-type,carbonaceoussliceous-pelitic rock-type,and sandstone-type uranium deposits in South China[J].Radioactive Geology,(3):1~10(in Chinese).
Dutrow B L and Henry D J.2000.Complexly zoned fibrous tourmaline,Cruzeiro Mine,MinasGerais,Brazil:a record of evolving magmatic and hydrothermal fluids[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,38:131~143.
Dutrow B L,Holdaway M J and Hinton R W.1986.Lithium in staurolite and its petrologic significance[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,94:496~506.
Fan Honghai,Ling Hongfei,Wang Dezi,et al.2003.Study on metallogenetic mechanism of Xiangshan uranium ore-field[J].Uranium Geology,19(4):208~213(in Chinese).
Hawthorne F C and Henry D J.1999.Classification of the minerals of the tourmaline group[J].European Journal of Mineralogy,11:201~216.
Henry D J and Dutrow B L.1996.Metamorphic tourmaline and its petrologic applications[J].Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,33(1):503~557.
Henry D J and Dutrow B L.2001.Compositional zoning and element partitioning in nickeloan tourmaline from a metamorphosed karstbauxite from Samos,Greece[J].American Mineralogist,86:1 130~1 142.
Henry D J,Dutrow B L and Selverstone J.2003.Compositional asymmetry in replacement tourmaline-An example from the Tauern Window,Eastern Alps[J].American Mineralogist,88(8~9):1 399~1 399.
Hu Baoqun,Bai Lihong and Xu Dazhong.2001.The early high-temperature uranium mineralization in Xiazhuang ore-field and its significance[J].Uranium Geology,17(5):280~284(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Xiaoyong,Zhang Hui,Tang Yong,et al.2008.Chemical Composition of tourmalines from the B-rich granite and miarolitic cavities in Yinping,Guanxi and its implications for evolution of themagatichydrothermal system[J].Atca Mineralogica Sinica,28(1):25~34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang Yaohui,Jiang Shaoyong and Ling Hongfei.2004.Mantle-Derived Fluids and uranium mineralizaion[J].Earth Science Frontiers,11(2):491~496(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Chaochang and Jing Hehai.2010.Analysis of uranium-prospecting potential in the Huangmeijian intrusion and its neighboring area in eastern Lu-Zong area[J].Geology of Anhui,20(3):197~203(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Deren and Liu Guobin.1988.An EMPA study of the compositional hetrogenity of color-zoned tourmaline from XinJiang,China[J].Acta Mineralogical Sinica,3(3):207~212(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Guobin and Guo Jiufu.1985a.Growth process and origin of colour banding tourmaline from Xinjiang[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,5(3):199~207(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Guobin and Lu Huanzhang.1985b.Fluid inclusion study of gem tourmaline from XinJiang[J].Geochimica,3:264~268(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Yingjun and Cao Liming.1987.Guidance to Element Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,81~97(in Chinese).
Mao Jingwen,Wang Pingan,Wang Denghong,et al.1993.The tracer of tourmaline for rock-forming and metallogenic environmentsand its applied conditions[J].Geological Reviews,39(6):497~507(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mercadier J,Richard A and Cathelineau M.2012.Boron-and magnesiumrich marine brinesat the origin of giant unconformity-related uranium deposits:δ11B evidence from Mg-tourmalines[J].Geology,40(3):231~234.
Qiu Tianren and Yang Yueqing.1996.The color and composition of tourmaline in China[J].Mineral Deposits,15:65~68(in Chinese).
Ren Qijiang,Liu Xiaoshan,Xu Zhaowen,et al.1991.The Luzong Mesozoic Volcanic Tectonic Depression and Its Related Metallogensis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~145(in Chinese).
Sengupta N,Sengupta P and Sachan H K.2011.Aluminous and alkalideficient tourmaline from the Singhbhum Shear Zone,East Indian shield:Insight for polyphase boron infiltration during regional metamorphism[J].American Mineralogist,96:752~767.
Wang Yuanlong,Kang Xu,Wang Shuzhen,et al.1996.Study of color tourmalines for their colr genesis from altay,XinJiang[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,3(10):172~178(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Zhengqi and Li Ziying.2007.Discussion on Mantle-derived Uranium Mineralization[J].Geological Review,53(5):608~615(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Jianhua,Liu Shuai,Yu Dagan,et al.2005.Mantle geofluid and uranium ore-formation model[J].Uranium Geology,21(4):196~203 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Rengui and Yu Dagan.2000.Comparison of or formation characteristics of uranium deposit No.134 to those of uranium deposits No.1611 and 6122[J].Uranium Geology,16(4):204~211(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiong Xin,Xu Wenyi,Jia Liqiong,et al.2013.Modes of occurrence and composition of uranium and thorium minerals in deep drilling program in Zhuanqiao of Lujiang,Anhui Province[J].Mineral Deposits,32(6):1 211~1 220(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan Feng,Zhou Taofa,Fan Yu,et al.2008.Source,evolution and tectonic setting of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Luzong basin,Anhui province[J].Atca Petrologica Sinica,24(8):1 691~1 702(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhai Yusheng,Yao Shuzhen,Lin Xinduo,et al.1992.Metallogenic of iron-copper-(gold)deposits of the Middle and Lower Reaches of Changjiang River[J].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,12~35(in Chinese).
Zhang Bangtong,Wu Junqi,Qiu Zhili,et al.1990.On the relationship between hydrothermal alteration and uranium enrichment[J].Geology Review,36(3):238~244(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao Shanrong,Bian Qiujuan and Lin Qicong.2004.Crystallography and Mineralogy[M].Beijing:High Education Press,179~405(in Chinese).
Zheng Dazhong.2003.New approach to the migration-enrichment mechanism for uranium[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,23(2):77~86 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Taofa,Fan Yu and Yuan Feng.2008.Advances on petrogensis and metallogeny study of the mineralization belt of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River area[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(8):1 665~1 678(in Chinese with English abstract).
常印佛,刘湘培,吴言昌.1991.长江中下游铜铁成矿带[M].北京:地质出版社,1~56.
杜乐天.2011.中国热液铀矿成矿理论体系[J].铀矿地质,27(2):65 ~68.
杜乐天,王玉明.1984.华南花岗岩型、火山岩型、碳硅泥岩型、砂岩型铀矿成矿机理的统一性[J].放射性地质,(3):1~10.
胡宝群,白丽红,徐达忠.2001.下庄铀矿田早期高温成矿作用及其意义[J].铀矿地质,17(5):280~284.
姜耀辉,蒋少涌,凌洪飞.2004.地幔流体与铀成矿作用[J].地学前缘,11(2):491~496.
黄小勇,张辉,唐勇,等.2008.广西银屏富B花岗岩及其晶洞中电气石的化学组成特征以及对岩浆-热液演化的指示[J].矿物学报,28(1):25~34.
李朝长,金和海.2010.庐枞地区东部黄梅尖岩体及周边地段找铀矿前景分析[J].安徽地质,20(3):197~203.
李德忍,刘国彬.1988.新疆色带电气石成分不均匀性的电子探针研究[J].矿物学报,3(3):207~212.
刘国彬,郭九皋.1985.新疆色带电气石的生长过程及颜色起因研究[J].矿物学报,5(3):199~207.
刘国彬,卢焕章.1985.新疆宝石级彩色电气石中包裹体研究[J].地球化学,3:264~268.
刘英俊,曹励明.1987.元素地球化学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,81 ~97.
毛景文,王平安,王登红,等.1993.电气石对成岩成矿环境的示踪性及应用条件[J].地质论评,39(6):497~507.
邹天人,杨岳清.1996.中国电气石(碧玺)的颜色与成分[J].矿床地质,15(增刊):65~68.
任启江,刘孝善,徐兆文,等.1991.安徽庐枞中生代火山构造洼地及其成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1~145.
王元龙,康旭,王淑珍,等.1996.新疆阿尔泰彩色电气石的颜色成因研究[J].矿产与地质,3(10):172~178.
王正其,李子颖.2007.幔源铀成矿作用探讨[J].地质论评,53(5):608 ~615.
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