农村住宅室内热环境多目标优化设计——重庆农村自建房改造实践
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摘要
提高广大农村建筑热舒适性是改善农民居住质量的重要内容。重庆是典型的大城市大农村格局,农村建筑量大面广,作为夏热冬冷气候区典型城市,冬夏两季热环境问题尤其突出。通过分析重庆农村气候特征及热环境现状,对当地农民自建房热环境进行多目标优化设计,因地制宜优化围护结构,采用阳光间、地道风、绿化隔热等适合农村特点的被动技术。优化后测试结果表明,冬季室内平均温度增加约2℃,夏季降低1.2℃,在取得良好运行效果的同时还带来明显环境效益,为重庆广大农村提供了热环境优化的工程示范。
It is an important issue to improve thermal comfort of rural building to make the farmers' living quality better.Chongqing is of a typical pattern of metropolis as well as large rural areas,with large area and large number of rural buildings.Also,as a typical city in the Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zone,the issue of its thermal environment both in winter and summer is particularly outstanding.This article analyzes the characteristics of rural climate and the present situation of thermal environment,makes multi-objective optimization designs,improves building envelope according to local condition,adopts the passive technology such as solar-house,tunnel wind,green insulation that are compatible with rural characteristics.The experiment indicates that,with the optimistic design,indoor average temperature increases up to 2℃ in winter and decreases with 1.2℃ in summer.These optimization designs have good operation effect while bringing obvious environmental benefits,providing a project demonstration of thermal environment optimization for Chongqing rural areas.
It is an important issue to improve thermal comfort of rural building to make the farmers' living quality better.Chongqing is of a typical pattern of metropolis as well as large rural areas,with large area and large number of rural buildings.Also,as a typical city in the Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zone,the issue of its thermal environment both in winter and summer is particularly outstanding.This article analyzes the characteristics of rural climate and the present situation of thermal environment,makes multi-objective optimization designs,improves building envelope according to local condition,adopts the passive technology such as solar-house,tunnel wind,green insulation that are compatible with rural characteristics.The experiment indicates that,with the optimistic design,indoor average temperature increases up to 2℃ in winter and decreases with 1.2℃ in summer.These optimization designs have good operation effect while bringing obvious environmental benefits,providing a project demonstration of thermal environment optimization for Chongqing rural areas.
引文
[1]赵珊珊.重庆农村地区太阳能利用情况调查及综合效益分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010.
[2]王川平.老重庆影像志·老房子[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2013.
[3]冯小平,钱保国,张鹏飞.苏南地区村镇住宅建筑室内热环境实测分析[J].建筑科学,2010,26(4):44-47.
[4]刘建龙,夏小倩.湘东地区村镇住宅室内热环境调查分析[J].湖南工业大学学报,2013,27(4):34-40.
[5]任鑫佳,张华玲.重庆地区村镇住宅现状调研与分析[J].制冷与空调,2011,25(1):96-101.
[6]常利强,张华玲.重庆农村住宅热环境调查与能耗模拟分析[J].煤气与热力,2014,34(4):13-17.
[7]韦秀丽,高立洪,徐进.重庆市农村地区太阳能资源利用现状分析[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(6):64-65.
[8]周世玉.重庆地区可再生能源建筑应用技术推广及应用研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[9]杨真静,田瀚元.巴渝地区夯土民居室内热环境[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2015,37(6):141-147.
[10]杨真静,徐亚男,彭明熙.木板壁民居对湿热气候的适应性[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2016,38(4):1-6.
[11]李克骅.重庆地区农村住宅室内热环境评价[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[12]中国工程建设标准化协会.农村居住建筑节能设计标准(GB/T50824-2013)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[13]住房和城乡建设部.既有居住建筑建筑节能改造技术规程(JGJ/T129-2012)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
(1)非采暖空调状态下适应性热环境评价指标,参见《民用建筑室内热湿环境评价标准》(GB/T50785-2012)。
(2)侣墙、24墙是指墙壁墙体厚度为180 mm、240 mm。
[2]王川平.老重庆影像志·老房子[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2013.
[3]冯小平,钱保国,张鹏飞.苏南地区村镇住宅建筑室内热环境实测分析[J].建筑科学,2010,26(4):44-47.
[4]刘建龙,夏小倩.湘东地区村镇住宅室内热环境调查分析[J].湖南工业大学学报,2013,27(4):34-40.
[5]任鑫佳,张华玲.重庆地区村镇住宅现状调研与分析[J].制冷与空调,2011,25(1):96-101.
[6]常利强,张华玲.重庆农村住宅热环境调查与能耗模拟分析[J].煤气与热力,2014,34(4):13-17.
[7]韦秀丽,高立洪,徐进.重庆市农村地区太阳能资源利用现状分析[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(6):64-65.
[8]周世玉.重庆地区可再生能源建筑应用技术推广及应用研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[9]杨真静,田瀚元.巴渝地区夯土民居室内热环境[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2015,37(6):141-147.
[10]杨真静,徐亚男,彭明熙.木板壁民居对湿热气候的适应性[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2016,38(4):1-6.
[11]李克骅.重庆地区农村住宅室内热环境评价[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[12]中国工程建设标准化协会.农村居住建筑节能设计标准(GB/T50824-2013)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[13]住房和城乡建设部.既有居住建筑建筑节能改造技术规程(JGJ/T129-2012)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
(1)非采暖空调状态下适应性热环境评价指标,参见《民用建筑室内热湿环境评价标准》(GB/T50785-2012)。
(2)侣墙、24墙是指墙壁墙体厚度为180 mm、240 mm。
目录