四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组不同水动力成因页岩岩相特征
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摘要
以四川盆地南缘奥陶纪末至志留纪初沉积的五峰组—龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定和测井资料分析等方法,从页岩沉积的水动力成因角度考虑,划分出强、弱两类水动力带,共8种岩相。弱水动力带下发育硅质页岩、含钙硅质页岩和泥晶钙质页岩;强水动力带下发育钙质纹层页岩、介壳泥灰岩和波状层理页岩;白云质页岩和磷质页岩在两种水动力带下均发育。不同的岩相具有不同的岩石组分、颗粒大小、结构及构造、生物遗迹和化石组合。页岩岩相与有机碳含量有良好的对应关系:弱水动力带下岩相有机碳含量要高于强水动力带下岩相。磷质页岩和硅质页岩有机碳含量高,介于4%~7%;白云质页岩、波状层理页岩和泥晶钙质页岩有机碳含量低,介于0.5%~2.5%。同时,各种页岩岩相在测井上有较好的识别标志,磷质页岩表现为高自然伽马,其自然伽马值接近300 API或者更高。介壳泥灰岩和白云质页岩表现为低自然伽马,其自然伽马值为60~70 API。钙质纹层页岩自然伽马曲线多呈锯齿状,其自然伽马值为80~100 API。研究成果完整呈现了不同水动力成因的页岩岩相特征,具备一定的代表性。
The hydrodynamic origins of the shales in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin were studied and divided into 2 types,namely the strong hydrodynamic regime and weak hydrodynamic regime,and a total of eight kinds of lithofacies were recognized based on well cores,thin section and logging data.Siliceous shale,calcareous siliceous shale and micritic/limy shale were deposited in the weak hydrodynamic regime;calcareous laminae shale,shelly muddy limestone and wavy bedding shale were deposited in the strong hydrodynamic regime while dolomitic shale and phosphatic shale occurred in both regimes.Different shale lithofacies have different mineralogy,grain size,texture,sedimentary structures,ichnofabrics and fossil assemblages.Total organic carbon(TOC) content has a good corresponding relation with shale lithofacies:Total organic carbon content of the lithofacies formed in the weak hydrodynamic regime is higher than those formed in the strong hydrodynamic regime.Phosphatic shale and siliceous shale have the highest TOC ranging from 4% to 7%;dolomitic shale,wavy bedding shale and micritic/limy shale are poor in TOC,ranging from 0.5% to 2.5%.Meanwhile,All the shale lithofacies have good identification marks on the log,The interval rich in phosphatic shale exhibits a spike in gamma ray response with values close to,or over 300 API;those intervals rich in dolomitic shale and shelly muddy limestone exhibit a low gamma ray response with values ranging around 60-70 API.Calcareous laminae shale exhibits serrated gamma ray response with values around 80~100 API.
The hydrodynamic origins of the shales in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin were studied and divided into 2 types,namely the strong hydrodynamic regime and weak hydrodynamic regime,and a total of eight kinds of lithofacies were recognized based on well cores,thin section and logging data.Siliceous shale,calcareous siliceous shale and micritic/limy shale were deposited in the weak hydrodynamic regime;calcareous laminae shale,shelly muddy limestone and wavy bedding shale were deposited in the strong hydrodynamic regime while dolomitic shale and phosphatic shale occurred in both regimes.Different shale lithofacies have different mineralogy,grain size,texture,sedimentary structures,ichnofabrics and fossil assemblages.Total organic carbon(TOC) content has a good corresponding relation with shale lithofacies:Total organic carbon content of the lithofacies formed in the weak hydrodynamic regime is higher than those formed in the strong hydrodynamic regime.Phosphatic shale and siliceous shale have the highest TOC ranging from 4% to 7%;dolomitic shale,wavy bedding shale and micritic/limy shale are poor in TOC,ranging from 0.5% to 2.5%.Meanwhile,All the shale lithofacies have good identification marks on the log,The interval rich in phosphatic shale exhibits a spike in gamma ray response with values close to,or over 300 API;those intervals rich in dolomitic shale and shelly muddy limestone exhibit a low gamma ray response with values ranging around 60-70 API.Calcareous laminae shale exhibits serrated gamma ray response with values around 80~100 API.
引文
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[8]牟传龙,周恳恳,梁薇,等.中上扬子地区早古生代烃源岩沉积环境与油气勘探[J].地质学报,2011,85(4):526-532.Mou Chuanlong,Zhou Kenken,Liang Wei,et al.The early paleozoic sedimentary environment of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Middle-Upper Yangzi Region and petroleum and gas exploration[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(4):526-532.
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[16]Stow D A V,Huc A Y,Bertrand P.Depositional processeses of black shales in deep water[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18(4):491-498.
[17]Schieber J,Southard J,Thaisen K.Accretion of mudstone beds from migrating floccule ripples[J].Science,2007,318(5857):1760-1763.
[18]马超.上扬子地区志留系生态地层格架及其初级生产力的初步探讨[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009:20-70.Ma Chao.Initial conference of the ecostratigraphic framework and primary productivity,Silurian,Upper Yangtze Region,China[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2009:20-70.
[19]穆恩之,朱兆玲,陈均远,等.四川长宁双河附近奥陶纪地层[J].地层学杂志,1978,2(2):105-121.Mu Enzhi,Zhu Zhaoling,Chen Junyuan,et al.The Ordovician stratigraphy of Shuanghe in Changning,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,1978,2(2):105-121.
[20]张淼,陈孝红,王传尚.湖北宜昌王家湾五峰组顶部Chondrites的发现及其环境意义[J].华南地质与矿产,2008,1(3):74-77.Zhang Miao,Chen Xiaohong,Wang Chuanshang.Discovery of Chondrites in uppermost Wufeng Formation,in Wangjiawan Section,Yichang,Hubei,and its environment signification[J].Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,2008,1(3):74-77.
[21]Rong J Y,Harper D A T,Zhan R B,et al.Kassinella-Christiania Association in the early Ashgill Foliomena brachiopod fauna of South China[J].Lethaia,1994,27(1):19-28
[22]Amorosi A.Glaucony and sequence stratigraphy:a conceptual framework of distribution in siliciclastic sequences[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1995,B65(4):419-425.
[23]Emery K O.Positions of empty pelecypod valves on the continental shelf[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1968,38(4):1264-1269.
[24]Clifton H E.Orientation of empty pelecypod shells and shell fragments in quiet water[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1971,41(3):671-682.
[25]Land,S L.The origin of Massive Dolomite[J].Journal of Geological Education,1985,33:112-125.
[26]Baker P A,Kastner M.Constraints on the formation of sedimentary Dolomite[J].Science,1981,213(4504):215-216.
[27]Wignall P B.Black Shales[M]//Oxford Science Publication.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1994:127.
[28]Bohacs K,Schwalbach J.Sequence stratigraphy of fine-grained rocks with special reference to the Monterey Formation[M]//Schwalbach J R,Bohacs K M.Sequence stratigraphy in fine-grained rocks:examples form the Monterey Formation.Bakersfield,C A:Society for Sedimentary Geology,Pacific Section,1992,70:7-19.
[29]Bentor Y K.Phosphorites-the unsolved problems[J].SEPM Special Publication,1980,29:3-18.
[30]Langmuir D.Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at low temperatures with applications to sedimentary ore deposits[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1978,42(6):547-569.
[31]Selley R C.Elements of Petroleum Geology[M].2nd ed.New York:Academic Press,1998:463.
[32]Kochenov A V,Baturin G N.The paragenesis of organic matter,Phosphorous and Uranium in Marine sediments[J].Lithology and Mineral Research,2002,37(2):107-120.
[2]邓宏文,钱凯.深湖相泥岩的成因类型和组合演化[J].沉积学报,1990,8(3):1-15.Deng Hongwen,Qian Kai.Genetic type and combinatory development of deep lacustrine mudstone[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1990,8(3):1-15.
[3]王冠民.古气候变化对湖相高频旋回泥岩和页岩的沉积控制——以济阳坳陷古近系为例[D].北京:中国科学院地球化学研究所,2005:20-40.Wang Guanmin.The sedimentary control to mudstone and shale of high-frequency cycle by paleoclimate change-taking the Eogene in Jiyang depression as an example[D].Beijing:Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005:20-40.
[4]陈兰.湘黔地区早寒武世黑色岩系沉积学及地球化学研究[D].北京:中国科学院地球化学研究所,2006:30-50.Chen Lan.Sedimentology and geochemistry of the early cambrian black rock series in the Hunan-Guizhou area,China[D].Beijing:Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006:30-50.
[5]梁超,姜在兴,杨镱婷,等.四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩岩相及储集空间特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):691-698.Liang Chao,Jiang Zaixing,Yang Yiting,et al.Characteristics of shale lithofacies and reservoir space of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):691-698.
[6]梁兴,叶熙,张介辉,等.滇黔北坳陷威信凹陷页岩气成藏条件分析与有利区优选[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(6):693-699.Liang Xing,Ye Xi,Zhang]iehui,et al.Reservoir forming conditions and favorable exploration zones of shale gas in the Weixin Sag,Dianqianbei Depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(6):693-699.
[7]苏文博,李志明,Ettensohn F R,等.华南五峰组—龙马溪组黑色岩系时空展布的主控因素及其启示[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2007,32(6):819-827.Su Wenbo,Li Zhiming,Ettensohn F R,et al.Distribution of black shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations(Ordovician-Silurian):South China:Major controlling factors and implications[J],Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,32(6):819-827.
[8]牟传龙,周恳恳,梁薇,等.中上扬子地区早古生代烃源岩沉积环境与油气勘探[J].地质学报,2011,85(4):526-532.Mou Chuanlong,Zhou Kenken,Liang Wei,et al.The early paleozoic sedimentary environment of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Middle-Upper Yangzi Region and petroleum and gas exploration[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(4):526-532.
[9]朱志军,陈洪德,林良彪,等.黔北—川东南志留系层序格架下的沉积体系演化特征及有利区带预测[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):243-253.Zhu Zhijun,Chen Hongde,Lin Liangbiao,et al.Depositional system evolution characteristics in the framework of sequences of Silurian and prediction of favorable zones in the Northern Guizhou-Southeastern Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):243-253.
[10]Olausson E.Studies of deep-sea cores.Reports of the Swedish DeepSea Expedition,1947-1948[R].Swed.1961,8:353-391.
[11]Rhoades D C,Morse I W.Evolutionary and ecologic significance of oxygen-deficient marine basins[J].Lethaia,1971,4(4):413-428.
[12]Papazis P K.Petrographic characterization of the Barnett Shale,Fort Worth Basin,Texas[D].Austin,Texas:University of Texas at Austin,2005:141-142.
[13]Milliken K,Choh S J,Papazis P,et al.'Cherty'stringers in the Barnett Shale are agglutinated foraminifera[J].Sedimentary Geology,2007,198(3/4):221-232.
[14]Kaminski M A,Boersma E,Tyszka J,et al.Response of deep-water agglutinated foraminifera to dysoxic conditions in the California Borderland basins[J].Grzvbowski Foundation Special Publication,1995,3:131-140.
[15]Stow D A V,Reading H G,Collinson J D.Deep seas[M]//Reading H G.Sedimentary environments:processes,facies and stratigraphy.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific,1996:395-454.
[16]Stow D A V,Huc A Y,Bertrand P.Depositional processeses of black shales in deep water[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18(4):491-498.
[17]Schieber J,Southard J,Thaisen K.Accretion of mudstone beds from migrating floccule ripples[J].Science,2007,318(5857):1760-1763.
[18]马超.上扬子地区志留系生态地层格架及其初级生产力的初步探讨[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009:20-70.Ma Chao.Initial conference of the ecostratigraphic framework and primary productivity,Silurian,Upper Yangtze Region,China[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2009:20-70.
[19]穆恩之,朱兆玲,陈均远,等.四川长宁双河附近奥陶纪地层[J].地层学杂志,1978,2(2):105-121.Mu Enzhi,Zhu Zhaoling,Chen Junyuan,et al.The Ordovician stratigraphy of Shuanghe in Changning,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,1978,2(2):105-121.
[20]张淼,陈孝红,王传尚.湖北宜昌王家湾五峰组顶部Chondrites的发现及其环境意义[J].华南地质与矿产,2008,1(3):74-77.Zhang Miao,Chen Xiaohong,Wang Chuanshang.Discovery of Chondrites in uppermost Wufeng Formation,in Wangjiawan Section,Yichang,Hubei,and its environment signification[J].Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,2008,1(3):74-77.
[21]Rong J Y,Harper D A T,Zhan R B,et al.Kassinella-Christiania Association in the early Ashgill Foliomena brachiopod fauna of South China[J].Lethaia,1994,27(1):19-28
[22]Amorosi A.Glaucony and sequence stratigraphy:a conceptual framework of distribution in siliciclastic sequences[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1995,B65(4):419-425.
[23]Emery K O.Positions of empty pelecypod valves on the continental shelf[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1968,38(4):1264-1269.
[24]Clifton H E.Orientation of empty pelecypod shells and shell fragments in quiet water[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1971,41(3):671-682.
[25]Land,S L.The origin of Massive Dolomite[J].Journal of Geological Education,1985,33:112-125.
[26]Baker P A,Kastner M.Constraints on the formation of sedimentary Dolomite[J].Science,1981,213(4504):215-216.
[27]Wignall P B.Black Shales[M]//Oxford Science Publication.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1994:127.
[28]Bohacs K,Schwalbach J.Sequence stratigraphy of fine-grained rocks with special reference to the Monterey Formation[M]//Schwalbach J R,Bohacs K M.Sequence stratigraphy in fine-grained rocks:examples form the Monterey Formation.Bakersfield,C A:Society for Sedimentary Geology,Pacific Section,1992,70:7-19.
[29]Bentor Y K.Phosphorites-the unsolved problems[J].SEPM Special Publication,1980,29:3-18.
[30]Langmuir D.Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at low temperatures with applications to sedimentary ore deposits[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1978,42(6):547-569.
[31]Selley R C.Elements of Petroleum Geology[M].2nd ed.New York:Academic Press,1998:463.
[32]Kochenov A V,Baturin G N.The paragenesis of organic matter,Phosphorous and Uranium in Marine sediments[J].Lithology and Mineral Research,2002,37(2):107-120.
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