Controlled and Stabilized Light-Matter Interaction in Graphene: Plasmonic Film with Large-Scale 10-nm Lithography

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• 作者：Yaowu Hu ; Prashant Kumar ; Yi Xuan ; Biwei Deng ; Minghao Qi and Gary J. Cheng
• 刊名：Advanced Optical Materials
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：November 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：4
• 期：11
• 页码：1811-1823
• 全文大小：4435K
• ISSN：2195-1071

文摘

Graphene–plasmonic metal nanostructures have great potential as optical metamaterials with strong light–matter interactions for applications in energy harvesting, biochemical sensing, and plasmonics. Currently, large-scale fabrication of graphene–plasmonic hybrid systems have the following bottlenecks to realization of their full potential: 1) the geometry of metal nanostructures is not well controlled, 2) the substrates are rigid, and 3) low chemical and thermal stability of plasmonic metal nanostructures. Top-down fabrication of a free-standing hybrid film is demonstrated with graphene veiling for flexible-substrate-supported engineered plasmonic nanoarrays. Large-scale graphene–plasmonic nanoengineered hybrid structures with the capability to generate large optical-field enhancement, such as ultrasharp 3D pyramids, 10-nm V-grooves, and nanotrenches (10–100 nm), are nanoimprinted from physical-vapor-deposited nanocrystalline thin films on flexible substrates by laser-shock-induced 10-nm lithography. Anisotropic light–matter interactions with tunable field enhancement, hot electron transfer at the graphene–metal interface, and optical reflectance in the graphene are shown in a sub-100-nm nanoengineered metal structure. The application of such hybrid films is demonstrated in trace-level direct detection of antibiotics from their waste containers. This hybrid structure has excellent stability in a reactive environment (sulfur) and at elevated temperatures (ca. 300 °C). These 10-nm lithography enabled graphene–plasmonic nanosystems will stimulate development of many novel devices in a hybrid, tunable hot-carrier-surface plasmonic concept.