文摘
The categorisation of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders by clinical syndromes, rather than by aetiology, continues to obstruct progress in biomarker identification as well as innovative drug development and effective treatment in general. There is a decisive move to think of neurodevelopmental disorders as a spectrum rather than discrete categorical entities. We might call them neurodevelopmental spectrum disorders (NSDs) ranging from intellectual disability (ID) to autism (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Kiser, Rivero, & Lesch, <a href="#jcpp12574-bib-0002" rel="references:#jcpp12574-bib-0002" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2015a>).