Using RAD-seq to recognize sex-specific markers and sex chromosome systems

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• 作者：Tony Gamble
• 刊名：Molecular Ecology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：May 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：25
• 期：10
• 页码：2114-2116
• 全文大小：268K
• ISSN：1365-294X

文摘

Next-generation sequencing methods have initiated a revolution in molecular ecology and evolution (Tautz et al. ib-0018" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0018" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2010). Among the most impressive of these sequencing innovations is restriction site-associated DNA sequencing or RAD-seq (Baird et al. ib-0003" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0003" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2008; Andrews et al. ib-0001" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0001" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2016). RAD-seq uses the Illumina sequencing platform to sequence fragments of DNA cut by a specific restriction enzyme and can generate tens of thousands of molecular genetic markers for analysis. One of the many uses of RAD-seq data has been to identify sex-specific genetic markers, markers found in one sex but not the other (Baxter et al. ib-0004" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0004" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2011; Gamble & Zarkower ib-0007" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0007" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2014). Sex-specific markers are a powerful tool for biologists. At their most basic, they can be used to identify the sex of an individual via PCR. This is useful in cases where a species lacks obvious sexual dimorphism at some or all life history stages. For example, such tests have been important for studying sex differences in life history (Sheldon ib-0015" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0015" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">1998; Mossman & Waser ib-0012" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0012" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">1999), the management and breeding of endangered species (Taberlet et al. ib-0017" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0017" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">1993; Griffiths & Tiwari ib-0010" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0010" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">1995; Robertson et al. ib-0014" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0014" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2006) and sexing embryonic material (Hacker et al. ib-0011" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0011" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">1995; Smith et al. ib-0016" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0016" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">1999). Furthermore, sex-specific markers allow recognition of the sex chromosome system in cases where standard cytogenetic methods fail (Charlesworth & Mank ib-0005" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0005" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2010; Gamble & Zarkower ib-0007" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0007" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2014). Thus, species with male-specific markers have male heterogamety (XY) while species with female-specific markers have female heterogamety (ZW). In this issue, Fowler & Buonaccorsi (ib-0006" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0006" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2016) illustrate the ease by which RAD-seq data can generate sex-specific genetic markers in rockfish (Sebastes). Moreover, by examining RAD-seq data from two closely related rockfish species, Sebastes chrysomelas and Sebastes carnatus (Fig. ig-0001" rel="references:#mec13648-fig-0001" class="figureLink link__figure js-link__figure js-scrollto" title="Link to figure">1), Fowler & Buonaccorsi (ib-0006" rel="references:#mec13648-bib-0006" class="link__reference js-link__reference" title="Link to bibliographic citation">2016) uncover shared sex-specific markers and a conserved sex chromosome system.