Toll-like Receptor 9 Signaling Is Augmented in Systemic Sclerosis and Elicits Transforming Growth Factor β-Dependent Fibroblast Activation
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- 作者：Feng Fang ; Roberta Goncalves Marangoni ; Xingchun Zhou ; Yang Yang ; Boping Ye ; Anna Shangguang ; Wenjie Qin ; Wenxia Wang ; Swati Bhattacharyya ; Jun Wei ; Warren G. Tourtellotte and John Varga
- 刊名：Arthritis & Rheumatism
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：August 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：68
- 期：8
- 页码：1989-2002
- 全文大小：865K
- ISSN：1529-0131
文摘
Although transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is recognized as being a key trigger of fibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis (SSc), prominent innate immunity suggests that additional pathways contribute to disease persistence. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is implicated in autoimmunity and fibrosis; however, the expression, mechanism of action, and pathogenic role of TLR9 signaling in SSc remain uncharacterized. The aim of this study was to explore the expression, activity, and potential pathogenic role of TLR9 in the context of skin fibrosis in SSc and in mouse models of experimental fibrosis.