Atomic Layer Deposition of Functional Layers for on Chip 3D Li-Ion All Solid State Microbattery

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• 作者：Manon Lé ; tiche ; Etienne Eustache ; Jeremy Freixas ; Arnaud Demortiè ; re ; Vincent De Andrade ; Laurence Morgenroth ; Pascal Tilmant ; Franç ; ois Vaurette ; David Troadec ; Pascal Roussel ; Thierry Brousse and Christophe Lethien
• 刊名：Advanced Energy Materials
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 25, 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：7
• 期：2
• 全文大小：2473K
• ISSN：1614-6840

文摘

Nowadays, millimeter scale power sources are key devices for providing autonomy to smart, connected, and miniaturized sensors. However, until now, planar solid state microbatteries do not yet exhibit a sufficient surface energy density. In that context, architectured 3D microbatteries appear therefore to be a good solution to improve the material mass loading while keeping small the footprint area. Beside the design itself of the 3D microbaterry, one important technological barrier to address is the conformal deposition of thin films (lithiated or not) on 3D structures. For that purpose, atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology is a powerful technique that enables conformal coatings of thin film on complex substrate. An original, robust, and highly efficient 3D scaffold is proposed to significantly improve the geometrical surface of miniaturized 3D microbattery. Four functional layers composing the 3D lithium ion microbattery stacking has been successfully deposited on simple and double microtubes 3D templates. In depth synchrotron X-ray nanotomography and high angle annular dark field transmission electron microscope analyses are used to study the interface between each layer. For the first time, using ALD, anatase TiO₂ negative electrode is coated on 3D tubes with Li₃PO₄ lithium phosphate as electrolyte, opening the way to all solid-state 3D microbatteries. The surface capacity is significantly increased by the proposed topology (high area enlargement factor – “thick” 3D layer), from 3.5 μA h cm⁻² for a planar layer up to 0.37 mA h cm⁻² for a 3D thin film (105 times higher).