Sex differences, gender and addiction

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• 作者：Jill B. Becker ; Michele L. McClellan and Beth Glover Reed
• 刊名：Journal of Neuroscience Research
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January/February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：95
• 期：1-2
• 页码：136-147
• 全文大小：219K
• ISSN：1097-4547

文摘

This review discusses alcohol and other forms of drug addiction as both a sociocultural and biological phenomenon. Sex differences and gender are not solely determined by biology, nor are they entirely sociocultural. The interactions among biological, environmental, sociocultural, and developmental influences result in phenotypes that may be more masculine or more feminine. These gender-related sex differences in the brain can influence the responses to drugs of abuse, progressive changes in the brain after exposure to drugs of abuse and whether addiction results from drug-taking experiences. In addition, the basic laboratory evidence for sex differences is discussed within the context of four types of sex/gender differences.