Analysis of HBx modulation of AMPK/mTORC1 signaling in primary hepatocytes.
HBx activation of AMPK stimulates HBV replication.
HBx activation of mTORC1 inhibits HBV replication.
HBx simultaneously activates pathways that stimulate and repress HBV replication.
HBx acts as a rheostat that controls the level of HBV replication.