Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Scorpionism in the World: A Systematic Review

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• 作者：Maria S.V. Santos ; PhD^a ; ^b ; Cl&aacute ; udio G.L. Silva ; PhD^b ; Basí ; lio Silva Neto ; PhD^a ; ^c ; Cí ; cero R.P. Grangeiro Jú ; nior ; MD^a ; Victor H.G. Lopes ; MD^a ; Antô ; nio G. Teixeira Jú ; nior ; MD^a ; ^d ; Deryk A. Bezerra ; MD^a ; Joã ; o V.C.P. Luna ; MD^a ; Josué ; B. Cordeiro ; BS. Env. E^c ; Jucier Gonç ; alves Jú ; nior ; MD^a ; Marcos A.P. Lima ; PhD^a ; ^e ; ^{marcos.lima@ufca.edu.br}
• 关键词：scorpions ; scorpionism ; scorpion envenomation ; clinical aspects ; epidemiology
• 刊名：Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：27
• 期：4
• 页码：504-518
• 全文大小：581 K
• 卷排序：27

文摘

Scorpion stings are registered worldwide, but the incidence and the features of the envenomations vary depending on the region. The aim of this review was to summarize the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data worldwide regarding humans stung by scorpions.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted through the online databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), which hosts Medline and the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Informational (LILACS) database. We selected articles published between January 1, 2002 and July 31, 2014.ResultsScorpion envenomation reports were found throughout the world, mainly in subtropical and tropical regions. The clinical manifestations were sympathetically and parasympathetically mediated, depending on the species of scorpion. Some of the most common severe complications of scorpionism included respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, cardiac dysfunction, impaired hemostasis, pancreatitis, and multiple organ failure. Scorpion envenomation could be classified as mild, moderate, and severe, and the therapeutic approach was based on the case severity. The treatment comprised 3 components: symptomatic measures, vital functions support, and injection of antivenom. Moreover, the time that elapsed between the sting and administration of the appropriate medical care was extremely important to the patient’s prognosis.ConclusionsThe large number of scorpion stings worldwide is concerning and reaffirms the need for new prevention measures and policies to reduce the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates from these poisonous arachnids.