Characterization of hepatic stellate cells, portal fibroblasts, and mesothelial cells in normal and fibrotic livers

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• 作者：Ingrid Lua¹ ; Yuchang Li¹ ; Jessica A. Zagory² ; Kasper S. Wang² ; Samuel W. French³ ; Jean Sé ; vigny⁴ ; ⁵ ; Kinji Asahina¹ ; ^{asahina@med.usc.edu" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：MCs ; mesothelial cells ; HSCs ; hepatic stellate cells ; PFs ; portal fibroblasts ; VitA ; vitamin A ; GPM6A ; glycoprotein M6a ; Col1a1 ; collagen1a1 ; GFP ; green fluorescence protein ; TGF-β ; transforming growth factor-β ; PDGF ; platelet-derived growth factor ; ACTA2 ; α-smooth muscle actin ; ELN ; elastin ; ENTPD2 ; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-2 ; SLCs ; second-layer cells ; CFs ; capsular fibroblasts ; Krt ; keratin ; MSLN ; mesothelin ; PDPN ; podoplanin ; FACS ; fluorescence-activated cell sorting ; UP
• 刊名：Journal of Hepatology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：May 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：64
• 期：5
• 页码：1137-1146
• 全文大小：3512 K

文摘

Contribution of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), portal fibroblasts (PFs), and mesothelial cells (MCs) to myofibroblasts is not fully understood due to insufficient availability of markers and isolation methods. The present study aimed to isolate these cells, characterize their phenotypes, and examine their contribution to myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis.

Methods

Liver fibrosis was induced in Collagen1a1-green fluorescent protein (Col1a1^GFP) mice by bile duct ligation (BDL), 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet, or CCl₄ injections. Combining vitamin A (VitA) lipid autofluorescence and expression of GFP and glycoprotein M6a (GPM6A), we separated HSCs, PFs, and MCs from normal and fibrotic livers by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).

Results

Normal Col1a1^GFP livers broadly expressed GFP in HSCs, PFs, and MCs. Isolated VitA+ HSCs expressed reelin, whereas VitA−GFP+GPM6A− PFs expressed ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-2 and elastin. VitA−GFP+GPM6A+ MCs expressed keratin 19, mesothelin, and uroplakin 1b. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment induced the transformation of HSCs, PFs, and MCs into myofibroblasts in culture. TGF-β1 suppressed cyclin D1 mRNA expression in PFs but not in HSCs and MCs. In biliary fibrosis, PFs adjacent to the bile duct expressed α-smooth muscle actin. FACS analysis revealed that HSCs are the major source of GFP+ myofibroblasts in the injured Col1a1^GFP mice after DDC or CCl₄ treatment. Although PFs partly contributed to GFP+ myofibroblasts in the BDL model, HSCs were still dominant source of myofibroblasts.

Conclusion

HSCs, PFs, and MCs have distinct phenotypes, and PFs partly contribute to myofibroblasts in the portal triad in biliary fibrosis.