Nitrate and trace elements in municipal and bottled water in Spain

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Nadia Espejo-Herrera^a ; ^b ; Manolis Kogevinas^a ; ^b ; ^c ; Gemma Castañ ; o-Vinyals^a ; ^b ; ^c ; Nuria Aragoné ; s^c ; ^d ; Elena Boldo^c ; ^d ; Eva Ardanaz^c ; ^e ; Lourdes Azpiroz^f ; Enrique Ulibarrena^c ; ^g ; Adonina Tard&oacute ; n^c ; ^h ; Antonio J. Molina^c ; ⁱ ; Concepci&oacute ; n L&oacute ; pez-Rojo^c ; ^j ; José ; J. Jimé ; nez-Mole&oacute ; n^c ; ^k ; Rocí ; o Capelo^a ; Iné ; s G&oacute ; mez-Acebo^c ; ^l ; M&oacute ; nica Ripoll^m ; Cristina M. Villanueva^a ; ^b ; ^c ; ^{cvillanueva@creal.cat} ; on behalf of the Multicase Control Study of Cancer (MCC)-Spain Water Working Group ^&loz ;
• 关键词：Nitrate ; Drinking water ; Tap water ; Bottled water ; Water pollutants ; Trace elements
• 刊名：Gaceta Sanitaria
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：March-April, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：27
• 期：2
• 页码：156-160
• 全文大小：147 K

文摘

Objectives

To describe levels of nitrate and trace elements in drinking water from the study areas of a multicase-control study of cancer in Spain (MCC-Spain).

Methods

A total of 227 tap water samples were randomly collected from 67 municipalities in 11 provinces and the nine most frequently consumed bottled water brands were sampled to measure levels of nitrate, arsenic, nickel, chromium, cadmium, lead, selenium and zinc.

Results

The median nitrate level was 4.2 mg/l (range < 1-29.0), with similar levels in rural and urban municipalities (p = 0.86). Trace elements were unquantifiable in 94 % of tap water samples. Differences between areas were significant for nitrate (p < 0.001) and arsenic (p = 0.03). Only nitrate was quantifiable in bottled water (range 2.3-15.6 mg/l).

Conclusions

Nitrate levels in municipal water differed between regions and were below the regulatory limit in all samples, including bottled water. Trace element levels were low and mainly unquantifiable in tap and bottled water.