Differential gene expression analysis of 鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) during fruit skin coloration
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- 作者：X.J. Zhang ; L.X. Wang ; Y.L. Liu ; X.X. Chen ; Y.Z. Yang ; Z.Y. Zhao
- 关键词：CHS ; chalcone synthase ; F3H ; flavanone 3-hydroxylase ; DFR ; Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase ; ANS ; anthocyanidin synthase ; UFGT ; flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase ; DAFB ; days after full bloom ; DABR ; days after bag removal ; qRT-PCR ; quantitative real time-PCR ; HPLC ; high-performance liquid chromatography
- 刊名：South African Journal of Botany
- 出版年：September, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：88
- 期：Complete
- 页码：125-131
- 全文大小：843 K
文摘
鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?apples growing under normal sunlight develop green skin, whereas the peel turns red due to anthocyanin accumulation after the removal of a bagging treatment. Two anthocyanins, Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (cy3-gal) and Cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside (cy3-ara), were detected in the red 鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?apple peels, and cy3-gal was determined to be chiefly responsible for the red color. The content of cy3-gal was more than 98% of the total anthocyanin in the red 鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?peels. To better understand the molecular basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in 鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?apples, we performed a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (MdCHS, MdF3H, MdDFR, MdANS, MdUFGT, and MdMYB1). Our results indicate that the expression of these genes (except MdCHS) was associated with increased anthocyanin accumulation in the skin of 鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?apples. Four selected genes obtained from the 鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?skin cDNA library, phytoene synthase (PSY), WD40 repeat protein, polygalacturonase (PG), and galactosidase (GAL), were also confirmed by qRT-PCR. We found that these genes were differently expressed during 鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?apple skin coloration, suggesting that they are directly or indirectly involved in pigment accumulation. In conclusion, anthocyanin biosynthesis in 鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?apples is the result of interactions between multiple enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, and the coloring mechanism of 鈥楪ranny Smith鈥?apples may be similar to that of red-skinned cultivars.