Seismic design optimization of steel moment frames is performed. In addition to element sections, the connection types (simple or rigid) are considered as variables. Element stresses and story drifts are limited according to the AISC-LRFD design criteria. Compactness and slenderness for sections and column to beam plastic moment capacity ratio for joints are checked by AISC. Optimum results of three examples are obtained utilizing the ECBO and PSO.