Functional Characterization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Gut Dysbiosis in Gnotobiotic Mice

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• 作者：Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto¹ ; ^§ ; ; Andrew B. Shreiner¹ ; ^§ ; ; Merritt G. Gillilland III¹ ; ^§ ; ; Sho Kitamoto¹ ; Chiharu Ishii² ; Akiyoshi Hirayama² ; Peter Kuffa¹ ; Mohamad El-Zaatari¹ ; Helmut Grasberger¹ ; Anna M. Seekatz³ ; Peter D.R. Higgins¹ ; Vincent B. Young³ ; ⁴ ; Shinji Fukuda² ; John Y. Kao¹ ; Nobuhiko Kamada¹ ; ^{nkamada@umich.edu" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Dysbiosis ; Microbiota ; Crohn's Disease ; Ulcerative Colitis
• 刊名：CMGH Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：July 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：2
• 期：4
• 页码：468-481
• 全文大小：4278 K

文摘

Gut dysbiosis is closely involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it remains unclear whether IBD-associated gut dysbiosis contributes to disease pathogenesis or is merely secondary to intestinal inflammation. We established a humanized gnotobiotic (hGB) mouse system to assess the functional role of gut dysbiosis associated with 2 types of IBD: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods

Germ-free mice were colonized by the gut microbiota isolated from patients with CD and UC, and healthy controls. Microbiome analysis, bacterial functional gene analysis, luminal metabolome analysis, and host gene expression analysis were performed in hGB mice. Moreover, the colitogenic capacity of IBD-associated microbiota was evaluated by colonizing germ-free colitis-prone interleukin 10–deficient mice with dysbiotic patients' microbiota.

Results

Although the microbial composition seen in donor patients' microbiota was not completely reproduced in hGB mice, some dysbiotic features of the CD and UC microbiota (eg, decreased diversity, alteration of bacterial metabolic functions) were recapitulated in hGB mice, suggesting that microbial community alterations, characteristic for IBD, can be reproduced in hGB mice. In addition, colonization by the IBD-associated microbiota induced a proinflammatory gene expression profile in the gut that resembles the immunologic signatures found in CD patients. Furthermore, CD microbiota triggered more severe colitis than healthy control microbiota when colonized in germ-free interleukin 10–deficient mice.

Conclusions

Dysbiosis potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of IBD by augmenting host proinflammatory immune responses. Transcript profiling: GSE73882.