Young and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes have optimal B cell responses to the seasonal influenza vaccine

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• 作者：Daniela Frasca ; Alain Diaz ; Maria Romero ; Nicholas V. Mendez ; Ana Marie L ; in ; John G. Ryan ; Bonnie B. Blomberg
• 关键词：Type 2 diabetes ; Antibody responses ; Inflammation ; Influenza vaccine
• 刊名：Vaccine
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：2 August, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：31
• 期：35
• 页码：3603-3610
• 全文大小：1462 K

文摘

We evaluated immune response to the seasonal influenza vaccine in young and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immune measures included the in vivo serum response to the vaccine by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and ELISA in 22 patients (14 young, 8 elderly) and 65 healthy age-matched controls (37 young, 28 elderly). B cell-specific biomarkers of optimal vaccine response were measured ex vivo by switched memory B cells and plasmablasts and in vitro by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in stimulated cells. Markers of systemic and B cell-intrinsic inflammation were also measured. Results show that in vivo responses, as well as B cell-specific markers identified above, decrease by age in healthy individuals but not in T2D patients. This occurred despite high levels of B cell-intrinsic inflammation (TNF-¦Á) in T2D patients, which was surprising as we had previously demonstrated this negatively impacts B cell function. These results altogether suggest that valid protection against influenza can be achieved in T2D patients and proposed mechanisms are discussed.