Ionizing radiation induces a severe form of DNA damage: double strand break (DSB).
DSBs in higher eukaryotes are processed by HRR, c-NHEJ and alt-EJ.
c-NHEJ and alt-EJ are implicated in the formation of chromosome translocations.
We develop the view that alt-EJ operates as backup to abrogated HRR and c-NHEJ.
We discuss that alt-EJ has major contribution to chromosome translocation formation.