Cold start and full cycle emissions from a flexible fuel vehicle operating with natural gas, ethanol and gasoline

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• 作者：Amanda Alves Martins^a ; ¹ ; ^{amanda.martins@fiat.com.br" class="auth_mail} ; Rodrigo Anderson Dias Rocha^b ; ² ; ^{rodrigo.rocha@br.iveco.com" class="auth_mail} ; Jos&eacute ; Ricardo Sodr&eacute ; ^c ; ^{ricardo@pucminas.br" class="auth_mail} ; ^{jrsodre@pq.cnpq.br" class="auth_mail}
• 关键词：Pollutant emissions ; Internal combustion engines ; Natural gas ; Ethanol ; Gasoline
• 刊名：Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering
• 出版年：March, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：17
• 期：Complete
• 页码：94-98
• 全文大小：1870 K

文摘

This paper describes a comparative study between the pollutant emissions produced by a spark ignition engine operating with three different fuels: commercial gasoline with 22% of ethanol (E22), compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrous ethanol. The emission levels of oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), total hydrocarbons (HC), and methane (CH₄) produced by a flexible fuel engine operating according to the US 1975 Federal Test Procedure (FTP 75) were analyzed. Tests were performed with a mid-size sedan powered by 1.4-L spark ignition engine on a chassis dynamometer. The results for the cold start tests demonstrate that E22 produced the lowest CO and HC emissions, while CNG produced the lowest NO_x emissions. Considering the full test cycle, CNG emitted the lowest CO, NO_x and CO₂ concentrations, and the lowest fuel consumption. Gasoline presented the lowest emission levels of HC and CH₄. Ethanol showed the highest fuel consumption and higher pollutant emission levels than the other fuels, except for CO₂, which was higher than CNG and lower than gasoline.