• 作者：José ; Manuel Tomá ; s Miguel^a ; ^{tomasjm@uv.es} ; Amparo Oliver Germes^a ; Esperanza Navarro Pardo^b ; Juan Carlos Melé ; ndez Moral^b ; Cristina Molina Sena^c
• 关键词：Bienestar ; Comparació ; n transcultural ; Edad ; Sexo ; Estado civil ; Nivel de estudios.
• 刊名：Revista Espa?ola de Geriatr¨ªa y Gerontolog¨ªa
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：July-August 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：44
• 期：4
• 页码：180-185
• 全文大小：211 K

Introduction

Well-being and its association with distinct factors have played a central role in the arena of psychogerontology research. Given the importance of this topic, the present study examined several factors that could influence well-being among the elderly of two countries.

Material and methods

This cross-cultural study was based on a survey of two samples of elderly people, one from the Dominican Republic (N=1,296) and another from Spain (N=476), sampled, respectively, by stratification and quota sampling. Analyses included descriptive statistics, correlations and a multivariate analysis of covariance.

Results

Overall, sociodemographic factors were found to affect well-being both in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Nevertheless, the effect sizes were, in general, rather low. These effects were basically due to main effects rather than interactions. Age was negatively related to well-being. Marriage was associated with the highest levels of some well-being dimensions. The highest educational levels were also associated with higher levels of some well-being dimensions. The largest effect was due to country, with Dominicans scoring lower on all well-being dimensions, even after statistically controlling for other factors.

Conclusions

A main conclusion of this study was that sociodemographic factors did not differentially affect the two countries, given the rather low interaction effects. However, systematic effects were found for sociodemographic factors, independently of country. These effects were analyzed in light of the distinction between subjective and psychological well-being, and the data failed to support the idea of a different profile of results on these two types of well-being dimensions. Finally, given the large effect of country on all well-being dimensions, the relative importance of several sociopolitical and cultural factors was analyzed.