This review summarizes the most basic aspects in SPME development, addresses some of the challenges encountered in the analysis of food and environmental samples, and particularly emphasizes complex sample analysis. We also outline the development of new extracting materials, novel sampling configurations and approaches compatible with complex sample and/or on-site determinations.
To serve as a guide to potential opportunities for continued innovation in SPME applications, we especially emphasize the evolution of on-site and in vivo SPME techniques and their feasibility for targeted determination of organic pollutants and biologically-active compounds, and global metabolite analysis.