Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is effective but adherence could be improved.
A wake-promoting medication (armodafinil) may help patients adhere to treatment.
CBT-I, with or without armodafinil, improves sleep continuity and sleepiness in cancer survivors.
Armodafinil did not increase adherence to CBT-I recommendations.
Future efforts should focus on identifying those at risk for poor adherence.