Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC ¡Á GC), high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and UV-visible spectroscopy were applied to these two matrices. This analytical scheme shows that among 2.89 % w/w of elemental oxygen present in the naphtha cut, 1.78 % w/w O corresponds to phenols, 0.08 % w/w O to alcohols and 0.21 % w/w O to ketones. Concerning carboxylic acids, they are negligible (<0.01 % w/w). Thus, a total of 2.07 % w/w O is quantified what represents 72 % of the oxygenated compounds contained in the naphtha cut. Similarly, in the gasoil cut, among the 0.80 % w/w O of elemental oxygen, 0.62 % w/w O are attributed to phenols, 0.07 % w/w O to alcohols, and 0.015 % w/w O to ketones. Benzo and dibenzofurans may represent the species which have not been quantified.
Quantification of alcohols and phenols by carbon atom number is also allowed by GC ¡Á GC-FID using response factors. It shows that the carbon atom number varies from 6 to 11 for phenols and from 4 to 9 for alcohols. Similarly, carboxylic acids distribution by alkylation degree can be obtained by combining FT-ICR/MS and NMR results. This unique multi-technical approach offers a detail level which was never reached so far in terms of oxygenated compounds characterization for such products. This information is crucial to evaluate the potential of these liquids as a substitute for fuel and envisage their upgrading.