Hovering between death and life: Natural apoptosis and phagocytes in the blastogenetic cycle of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri

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• 作者：Francesca Cima ; Lucia Manni ; Giuseppe Basso ; Elena Fortunato ; Benedetta Accordi ; Filippo Schiavon ; Loriano Ballarin
• 关键词：Apoptosis ; Asexual reproduction ; Botryllus ; Phagocytes ; Tunicates
• 刊名：Developmental and Comparative Immunology
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：March 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：34
• 期：3
• 页码：272-285
• 全文大小：1929 K

文摘

Colonies of the compound ascidian Botryllus schlosseri undergo recurrent generation changes during which massive, natural apoptosis occurs in zooid tissues: for this reason the species is emerging as an interesting model of invertebrate chordate, phylogenetically related to vertebrates, for studies of apoptosis during development.

In the present work, we carried out a series of morphological, cytofluorimetrical and biochemical analyses, useful for a better characterization of Botryllus apoptosis. Results are consistent with the following viewpoints: (i) both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, probably connected by the BH3-only protein Bid, are involved in cell death induction; (ii) phagocytes, once loaded with senescent cells, frequently undergo apoptosis, probably as a consequence of oxidative stress caused by prolonged respiratory burst, and (iii) senescent phagocytes are easily recognized and ingested by other phagocytes, responsible for their clearance. In addition, results suggest the conservation of apoptosis induction mechanisms throughout chordate evolution.