Systemic inflammation after aortic cross clamping is influenced by Toll-like receptor 2 preconditioning and deficiency

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• 作者：Alexander Koch ; MD^a ; ^{alexander.koch@kgu.de} ; Michelle Pernow^b ; Carmen Barthuber ; MD^c ; Jan Mersmann ; MD^a ; Kai Zacharowski ; MD ; PhD^a ; Dirk Grotemeyer ; MD ; PhD^d
• 关键词：Toll-like receptor 2 ; Ischemia/reperfusion ; Aortic cross clamping ; Systemic inflammation ; Cytokines ; Pam3CSK4 ; Organ dysfunction
• 刊名：Journal of Surgical Research
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：December, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：178
• 期：2
• 页码：833-841
• 全文大小：359 K

文摘

Background

The perioperative morbidity and mortality of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is linked to systemic inflammation. Important triggers of the latter are Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which play a central role in innate immunity. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can be influenced by either TLR stimulation before I/R (preconditioning) or TLR dysfunction (deficiency or polymorphism). The influence of TLR2 stimulation or deficiency on systemic cytokine release and organ damage after aortic cross clamping has not been evaluated yet.

Methods

Wild type (WT) and TLR2-deficient mice were subjected to 1 h ischemia and 2 or 4 h reperfusion of the infrarenal aorta. One group of WT mice was preconditioned with the synthetic TLR2 agonist Pam₃Cys-Ser-Lys₄ (Pam₃CSK₄). Sham-operated animals without I/R served as controls. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1¦Â, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-¦Á, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine were measured.

Results

I/R injury caused by transient clamping of the infrarenal aorta led to a time-dependent increase of all measured cytokines except IL-4, IL-5, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. This was accompanied by elevated markers of organ damage (ALT, AST, and LDH) except creatinine. Preconditioning with Pam₃CSK₄ led to lower plasma concentrations of all cytokines, with the exception of anti-inflammatory IL-10 which was significantly upregulated. Furthermore, ALT, AST, and LDH plasma concentrations were lower in the preconditioning group. TLR2-deficient mice similarly showed reduced signs of systemic inflammation and organ damage, although less distinctive. IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, ALT, and LDH were time dependently lower compared with WT mice. IL-10 concentration was higher in TLR2-deficient mice compared with WT.

Conclusions

Both, preconditioning via TLR2 and TLR2 deficiency, ameliorate systemic inflammation and organ damage during I/R injury caused by clamping of the infrarenal aorta. Compared with untreated WT animals, Pam₃CSK₄ preconditioned and TLR2-deficient mice showed lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas anti-inflammatory IL-10 was elevated in both groups. This was accompanied by reduced organ dysfunction parameters.