Air Pollution and Recent Symptoms of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Eczema in Schoolchildren Aged Between 6 and 7 Years

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• 作者：Alberto Arnedo-Pena ; Luis Garcí ; a-Marcos ; Ignacio Carvajal Urueñ ; a ; Rosa Busquets Monge ; Marí ; a Morales Suá ; rez-Varela ; Izaskun Miner Canflanca ; José ; Batlles Garrido ; Alfredo Blanco Quiró ; s ; Á ; ngel Ló ; pez-Silvarrey Varela ; Gloria Garcí ; a Herná ; ndez ; Iné ; s
• 关键词：Asthma ; Air pollution ; Sulfur dioxide ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Atopic eczema ; Schoolchildren ; Allergic rhinitis
• 刊名：Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition)
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：May 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：45
• 期：5
• 页码：224-229
• 全文大小：382 K

文摘

Objective

The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between air pollutants and the prevalence of recent symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years.

Patients and Methods

The prevalence of recent (previous 12 months) symptoms of allergic diseases was obtained by means of the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), Spain, with the participation of 7 centers (Asturias, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, La Coruña, Madrid, and Valencia) and 20 455 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years, from 2002 to 2003. The pollutant detection systems of the aforementioned centers provided the mean annual concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and total suspended particulate matter.

Results

The annual average concentration of SO₂ showed a significant association with a higher prevalence of recent severe asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] between level-1 and level-3 pollution, 1.32; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.73), rhinitis (aOR, 1.56; 95 % CI, 1.39–1.75), and rhinoconjunctivitis (aOR, 1.70; 95 % CI, 1.45–2.00). The annual average concentration of CO was associated with a higher prevalence of rhinitis (aOR, 1.65; 95 % CI, 1.34-2.04), rhinoconjunctivitis (aOR, 1.76; 95 % CI, 1.31–2.37), and eczema (aOR, 1.55; 95 % CI, 1.17–2.04). The annual average concentration for NO₂ and total suspended particulate matter showed inverse associations with the prevalence of nocturnal dry cough.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that air pollutants such as SO₂ and CO increase the risk of recent symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis in schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years in Spain.