Nitrogen (N) use efficiency and retention are low in bauxite residue sand (BRS). Acidic and alkaline biochars were tested for their capacity of retaining N. Aged acidic biochars can adsorb much more NH4+-N than other biochars in BRS. Acidic biochar had a larger amount of oxygen-containing functionalities. Acidic biochar can be used as an effective amendment for rehabilitation of BRS.