Attenuation of emerging organic contaminants in a hybrid constructed wetland system under different hydraulic loading rates and their associated toxicological effects in wastewater

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• 作者：Cristina 脕vila ; V铆ctor Matamoros ; Carolina Reyes-Contreras ; Benjam铆 Pi帽a ; Marta Casado ; Luigi Mita ; Claudia Rivetti ; Carlos Barata ; Joan Garc铆a ; Josep Maria Bayona
• 关键词：Estrogenicity ; Hybrid constructed wetland ; Pharmaceutical ; Reed bed ; Toxicity ; Treatment wetland
• 刊名：Science of the Total Environment
• 出版年：1 February, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：470-471
• 期：Complete
• 页码：1272-1280
• 全文大小：765 K

文摘

The capacity of a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) system consisting of two vertical flow (VF) CWs working alternatively (3 m²), one horizontal flow (HF) CW (2 m²) and one surface flow (FWS) CW (2 m²) in series to eliminate 13 emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) under three different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) (0.06, 0.13 and 0.18 m d^鈭?#xA0;1 considering the area of the two VF beds) was studied through a continuous injection experiment. General toxicity, dioxin-like activity, antimicrobial activity and estrogenicity were also measured under the highest hydraulic loading rate. The hybrid system was highly efficient on the removal of total injected EOCs (except for antibiotics, 43 卤 32%) at all three HLRs (87 卤 10%). The removal efficiency in the hybrid CW system showed to decrease as the HLR increased for most compounds. The VF wetlands removed most of the injected EOCs more efficiently than the other two CWs, which was attributable to the predominant aerobic degradation pathways of the VF beds (70 卤 21%). General toxicity was reduced up to 90% by the VF beds. Estrogenicity and dioxin-like activity were similarly reduced by the VF and the HF wetlands, whereas antimicrobial activity was mainly removed by the FWS wetland. Bearing this in mind, this injection study has demonstrated that the use of hybrid CW systems is a suitable wastewater technology for removing EOCs and toxicity even at high HLRs.