A twofold modelling exercise is developed to investigate the implementation of battery electric buses (BEBs) in a full transit network.
A real-time simulation model is developed for a full transit BEBs operation to investigate (1) operational feasibility and (2) grid impact analysis.
Three BEB concepts: flash, opportunity, and overnight are investigate using five different configurations.
Results show that flash and opportunity BEBs are more feasible for full transit operation, yet they suffer from high and intermittent power demands.
Taken together, operational feasibility and grid impact models generated contradictory recommendations for suitable BEB configuration.