Influences of solid retention time, nitrification and microbial activity on the attenuation of pharmaceuticals and estrogens in membrane bioreactors

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• 作者：Sung Kyu Maeng^a ; Byeong Gyu Choi^a ; Kyu Tae Lee^b ; Kyung Guen Song^c ; ^{kgsong@kist.re.kr} ; ^{kgsong66@gmail.com}
• 关键词：Activated sludge ; Adenosine triphosphate ; Biodegradation ; Micropollutants ; Nitrification ; Sorption
• 刊名：Water Research
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：1 June, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：47
• 期：9
• 页码：3151-3162
• 全文大小：448 K

文摘

This study investigated the influences of solid retention time (SRT), nitrification, and microbial activity on the attenuation of pharmaceuticals and estrogens and the total estrogenic activity, using identical bench-scale membrane bioreactors. Phenacetine, acetaminophen, pentoxifylline, caffeine, bezafibrate, ibuprofen, fenoprofen, 17¦Â-estradiol, and estrone were effectively attenuated even at short SRT (8?d). However, the attenuation efficiencies of gemfibrozil, ketoprofen, clofibric acid, and 17¦Á-ethinylestradiol were dependent upon SRTs (20 and 80?d). Some acidic pharmaceuticals (gemfibrozil, diclofenac, bezafibrate, and ketoprofen) and 17¦Á-ethinylestradiol were partially degraded by nitrification. Relatively high removal efficiencies were observed for 17¦Â-estradiol and estrone (natural estrogens) compared to 17¦Á-ethinylestradiol (synthetic estrogen) when nitrification was inhibited. Most of selected pharmaceuticals were not significantly attenuated under presumably abiotic conditions by adding sodium azide except phenacetine, acetaminophen, and caffeine. In this study, carbamazepine was found to be recalcitrant to biological wastewater treatment using membrane bioreactors regardless of the change of SRTs and microbial activity.