The administration of a 68-item biosecurity checklist was done at LBMs in Nigeria and Egypt, scored and analysed for risk factors for HPAI H5N1.
No surveyed live bird markets in Nigeria and Egypt qualify for 100% biosecurity compliance and risky behaviour predominates.
Wild animals trade in the LBMs was a risk factor and routine disinfection of LBMs, hand washing after slaughter and traceability were protective factors.
Participatory approach, multidisciplinary team and innovative government intervention will stop continued spread of HPAI H5N1.