Organ Transplantation in Brazil and Latin America: Reaching the Light at the End of the Tunnel

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• 作者：Mario Abbud-Filho ; Maria Cristina R. Castro ; Jose Medina Pestana ; Valter Duro Garcia
• 关键词：Maternal effects ; Testosterone ; Development ; Growth ; Birds
• 刊名：Transplantation Proceedings
• 出版年：2008
• 出版时间：April 2008
• 年：2008
• 卷：40
• 期：3
• 页码：653
• 全文大小：39 K

文摘

Ammonium was injected from the subseafloor hydrothermal system at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, into the deep-sea water column resulting in an thURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6V66-4S1C8FR-1&_mathId=mml5&_user=1067359&_cdi=5806&_rdoc=3&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=f25d556975228a999ea350051e79f36a"">ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6V66-4S1C8FR-1-4J/0?wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV"" alt=""View the MathML source"" title=""View the MathML source"" align=""absbottom"" border=""0"" height=17 width=""43""/>-rich (ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/entities/2a7d.gif"" alt=""less-than-or-equals, slant"" title=""less-than-or-equals, slant"" border=""0"">177 nM) neutrally buoyant hydrothermal plume. This thURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6V66-4S1C8FR-1&_mathId=mml6&_user=1067359&_cdi=5806&_rdoc=3&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=82b124af73ccecdc635178ddbbd02c8c"">ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6V66-4S1C8FR-1-4Y/0?wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV"" alt=""View the MathML source"" title=""View the MathML source"" align=""absbottom"" border=""0"" height=17 width=""43""/> was quickly removed by both autotrophic ammonia oxidation and assimilation. The former accounted for at least 93 % of total net thURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6V66-4S1C8FR-1&_mathId=mml7&_user=1067359&_cdi=5806&_rdoc=3&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=500bd4260b1a3013cdab56062eb331b6"">ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6V66-4S1C8FR-1-5B/0?wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV"" alt=""View the MathML source"" title=""View the MathML source"" align=""absbottom"" border=""0"" height=17 width=""43""/> removal, with its maximum rate in the neutrally buoyant plume (ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/entities/2a7d.gif"" alt=""less-than-or-equals, slant"" title=""less-than-or-equals, slant"" border=""0"">53 nM d⁻¹) up to 10-fold that in background deep water. Ammonia oxidation in this plume potentially added 26–130 mg thURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6V66-4S1C8FR-1&_mathId=mml8&_user=1067359&_cdi=5806&_rdoc=3&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=c7c6b043b9d32eef8ea5d61e2f9fc470"">ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6V66-4S1C8FR-1-5R/0?wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV"" alt=""View the MathML source"" title=""View the MathML source"" align=""absbottom"" border=""0"" height=20 width=""98""/> into the deep-sea water column. This oxidation process was heavily influenced by the presence of organic-rich particles, with which ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were often associated (40–68 % ). AOB contributed up to 10.8 % of the total microbial communities within the plume, and might constitute a novel lineage of β-proteobacterial AOB based on 16S rRNA and amoA phylogenetic analyses. Meanwhile, thURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6V66-4S1C8FR-1&_mathId=mml9&_user=1067359&_cdi=5806&_rdoc=3&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=7d778d0e9fabcd615c7bb73397af0494"">ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6V66-4S1C8FR-1-64/0?wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV"" alt=""View the MathML source"" title=""View the MathML source"" align=""absbottom"" border=""0"" height=17 width=""43""/> assimilation rates were also substantially enhanced within the neutrally buoyant plume (ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/entities/2a7d.gif"" alt=""less-than-or-equals, slant"" title=""less-than-or-equals, slant"" border=""0"">26.4 nM d⁻¹) and accounted for at least 47 % of total net thURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6V66-4S1C8FR-1&_mathId=mml10&_user=1067359&_cdi=5806&_rdoc=3&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=8aa1f831ee4716554cc4cc7ba4a93680"">ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6V66-4S1C8FR-1-P/0?wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV"" alt=""View the MathML source"" title=""View the MathML source"" align=""absbottom"" border=""0"" height=17 width=""43""/> removal rates. The combined thURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6V66-4S1C8FR-1&_mathId=mml11&_user=1067359&_cdi=5806&_rdoc=3&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=74b5f33dad24a2ab3c77073137522e1f"">ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6V66-4S1C8FR-1-13/0?wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV"" alt=""View the MathML source"" title=""View the MathML source"" align=""absbottom"" border=""0"" height=17 width=""43""/> oxidation and assimilation rates always exceeded total net removal rates, suggesting active in situ thURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6V66-4S1C8FR-1&_mathId=mml12&_user=1067359&_cdi=5806&_rdoc=3&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=474b7456427c60bf1c5cab7098cb13d2"">ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6V66-4S1C8FR-1-1G/0?wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV"" alt=""View the MathML source"" title=""View the MathML source"" align=""absbottom"" border=""0"" height=17 width=""43""/>regeneration rates of at least an order of magnitude greater than the particulate nitrogen flux from the euphotic zone. Ammonia oxidation is responsible for thURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6V66-4S1C8FR-1&_mathId=mml13&_user=1067359&_cdi=5806&_rdoc=3&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=7671614b0606ac3cfa7092d124a98572"">ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6V66-4S1C8FR-1-1W/0?wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV"" alt=""View the MathML source"" title=""View the MathML source"" align=""absbottom"" border=""0"" height=17 width=""43""/> turnover of 0.7–13 days and is probably the predominant in situ organic carbon production process (0.6–13 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) at early stages of Endeavour neutrally buoyant plumes.