The friction of C/C composites has been studied using a pin-on-disc tester equipped with a mass spectrometer allowing the gas exchange analysis in the contact. An oxidation of the contact regions and/or wear particles is detected by a release of CO2 associated with a consumption of O2. It starts when a transition from low to high friction and dusting regime occurs. The water vapor role in this oxidation mechanism is more complex. The change of friction coefficient appears at a relatively low bulk temperature (<300°C) and oxidation is maintained as long as friction and wear remain high.