Diesel–propane dual fuel combustion studied on a modern heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE).
Limitations to maximum achievable propane substitutions identified over a range of BMEPs (5–20 bar).
Systematic analysis of combustion heat release, efficiencies, NOx, smoke, HC, CO emissions.
One of the first studies of exhaust particle size distributions with diesel–propane combustion in HDDE.
Fueling strategy and diesel injection timing studies performed at 10 bar BMEP.