文摘
Let R be a real closed field. The problem of obtaining tight bounds on the Betti numbers of semi-algebraic subsets of 1" class="mathmlsrc">1-s2.0-S0001870816312191&_mathId=si1.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S0001870816312191&_rdoc=1&_issn=00018708&md5=727e4c18dcd7f5deaa84d2e89e4b3d72" title="Click to view the MathML source">Rk in terms of the number and degrees of the defining polynomials has been an important problem in real algebraic geometry with the first results due to Oleĭnik and Petrovskiĭ, Thom and Milnor. These bounds are all exponential in the number of variables k. Motivated by several applications in real algebraic geometry, as well as in theoretical computer science, where such bounds have found applications, we consider in this paper the problem of bounding the equivariant Betti numbers of symmetric algebraic and semi-algebraic subsets of 1" class="mathmlsrc">1-s2.0-S0001870816312191&_mathId=si1.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S0001870816312191&_rdoc=1&_issn=00018708&md5=727e4c18dcd7f5deaa84d2e89e4b3d72" title="Click to view the MathML source">Rk. We obtain several asymptotically tight upper bounds. In particular, we prove that if 1-s2.0-S0001870816312191&_mathId=si3.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S0001870816312191&_rdoc=1&_issn=00018708&md5=77c1da6865a09c8a6ad1754493c31be3" title="Click to view the MathML source">S⊂Rk is a semi-algebraic subset defined by a finite set of s symmetric polynomials of degree at most d , then the sum of the 1-s2.0-S0001870816312191&_mathId=si4.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S0001870816312191&_rdoc=1&_issn=00018708&md5=12fc409c1fdb361800c7da6fe1e19534" title="Click to view the MathML source">Sk-equivariant Betti numbers of S with coefficients in 1-s2.0-S0001870816312191&_mathId=si5.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S0001870816312191&_rdoc=1&_issn=00018708&md5=edbbe0d4e5f572afe5080ddf42a209ee" title="Click to view the MathML source">Q is bounded by 1-s2.0-S0001870816312191&_mathId=si6.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S0001870816312191&_rdoc=1&_issn=00018708&md5=aa5592a6b2f03a39fbfe0633e6450433" title="Click to view the MathML source">(skd)O(d). Unlike the classical bounds on the ordinary Betti numbers of real algebraic varieties and semi-algebraic sets, the above bound is polynomial in k when the degrees of the defining polynomials are bounded by a constant. As an application we improve the best known bound on the ordinary Betti numbers of the projection of a compact algebraic set improving for any fixed degree the best previously known bound for this problem due to Gabrielov, Vorobjov and Zell.