Persistence of ¹⁴C-labeled atrazine and its residues in a field lysimeter soil after 22 years

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• 作者：Nicolai D. Jablonowski ; Stephan Kö ; ppchen ; Diana Hofmann ; Andreas Schä ; ffer ; Peter Burauel
• 关键词：Atrazine ; Persistence ; Leaching ; Extraction ; LC-MS/MS ; Half-life ; Bound residues
• 刊名：Environmental Pollution
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：July 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：157
• 期：7
• 页码：2126-2131
• 全文大小：320 K

文摘

Twenty-two years after the last application of ring-¹⁴C-labeled atrazine at customary rate (1.7 kg ha⁻¹) on an agriculturally used outdoor lysimeter, atrazine is still detectable by means of accelerated solvent extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Extractions of the 0–10 cm soil layer yielded 60 % of the residual ¹⁴C-activity. The extracts contained atrazine (1.0 μg kg⁻¹) and 2-hydroxy-atrazine (42.5 μg kg⁻¹). Extractions of the material of the lowest layer 55–60 cm consisting of fine gravel yielded 93 % of residual ¹⁴C-activity, of which 3.4 μg kg⁻¹ was detected as atrazine and 17.7 μg kg⁻¹ was 2-hydroxy-atrazine. The detection of atrazine in the lowest layer was of almost four times higher mass than in the upper soil layer. These findings highlight the fact that atrazine is unexpectedly persistent in soil. The overall persistence of atrazine in the environment might represent a potential risk for successive groundwater contamination by leaching even after 22 years of environmental exposure.