Warnings given to observers can eliminate order effects

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• 作者：Iain Greenlees ; Ben Hall ; William Filby ; Richard Thelwell ; Richard Buscombe ; Matthew J. Smith
• 关键词：Impressional primacy ; Person perception ; Soccer
• 刊名：Psychology of Sport and Exercise
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：February 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：10
• 期：2
• 页码：300-303
• 全文大小：112 K

文摘

Objectives

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of warnings on order effects in attributions of ability.

Method

Qualified soccer coaches (N = 146) rated the ability of two soccer players (a control and target player) each shown, on video, performing a passing task eight times. For the control player, all participants saw the same footage in the same order. For the target player, participants viewed the same footage with half viewing a declining (successful to unsuccessful) performance pattern and half viewing an ascending pattern. Additionally, coaches either received no warning of the danger of order effects, a warning prior to viewing any footage, a warning prior to viewing the target player or a warning prior to rating the target player.

Results

Results indicated that primacy effects were observed in the no warning condition and the warning prior to rating the target. However, when warnings were given prior to observing the target player no order effects were observed.

Conclusion

The results indicate that order effects can be eliminated by warning observers of the phenomenon.