Contribution of wood burning to PM₁₀ in London

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• 作者：Gary W. Fuller^a ; ^{gary.fuller@kcl.ac.uk" class="auth_mail} ; Anja H. Tremper^a ; Timothy D. Baker^a ; Karl Espen Yttri^b ; David Butterfield^c
• 关键词：Levoglucosan ; Aethalometer
• 刊名：Atmospheric Environment
• 出版年：April, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：87
• 期：Complete
• 页码：87-94
• 全文大小：1119 K

文摘

Ahead of measures to incentivise wood heating, the current level of wood burning in London was assessed by two tracer methods; i) a six week campaign of daily measurements of levoglucosan along a 38聽km transect across the city during winter 2010, ii) a three year (2009-2011) measurement programme of black carbon and particulate matter from wood burning using differential IR and UV absorption by Aethalometer. Mean winter levoglucosan concentrations were 160聽卤聽17聽ng聽m^鈭? in central London and 30聽卤聽26聽ng聽m^鈭? greater in the suburbs, with good temporal correlation (r²聽=聽0.68-0.98) between sampling sites. Sensitivity testing found that the aethalometer wood burning tracer method was more sensitive to the assumed value of the 脜ngstr枚m coefficient for fossil fuel black carbon than it was to the 脜ngstr枚m coefficient for wood burning PM, and that the model was optimised with 脜ngstr枚m coefficient for fossil fuel black carbon of 0.96. The aethalometer and levoglucosan estimates of mean PM from wood burning were in good agreement during the winter campaign; 1.8聽渭g聽m^鈭? (levoglucosan) and 2.0聽渭g聽m^鈭? (aethalometer); i.e. between 7% and 9% of mean PM₁₀ across the London transect. Analysis of wood burning tracers with respect to wind speed suggested that wood burning PM was dominated by sources within the city. Concentrations of aethalometer and levoglucosan wood burning tracers were a greatest at weekends suggesting discretionary or secondary domestic wood burning rather than wood being used as a main heating source. Aethalometer wood burning tracers suggests that the annual mean concentration of PM₁₀ from wood burning was 1.1聽渭g聽m^鈭?. To put this in a policy context, this PM₁₀ from wood burning is considerably greater than the city-wide mean PM₁₀ reduction of 0.17聽渭g聽m^鈭? predicted from the first two phases of the London Low Emission Zone which was introduced to reduce PM from traffic sources.