We compared animal bones from Neanderthal and modern human archaeological strata.

We targeted mammalian families used for cold weather clothing in the recent past.

Cold weather clothing species occur in both Neanderthal and early modern human strata.

Leporids, canids, and mustelids are more frequent in early modern human strata.

This supports the hypothesis that Neanderthals employed cape-like clothing while early modern humans used specialized cold weather clothing.