Botox: beyond wrinkles

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• 作者：Carruthers ; Jean ; Carruthers ; Alastair
• 刊名：Clinics in Dermatology
• 出版年：2004
• 出版时间：January - February, 2004
• 年：2004
• 卷：22
• 期：1
• 页码：89-93
• 全文大小：93.9 K

文摘

First used and approved over a decade ago for the treatment of strabismus (or misaligned eyes), botulinum toxin (BTX) has demonstrated efficacy in blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, spastic lower eyelid entropion, and a number of other disorders seen in the traditional medical environment that are characterized by abnormal muscle contraction. Moreover, other conditions—notably some pain and gastrointestinal disorders—have responded to BTX injections.