Methods for simultaneous detection of the cyanotoxins BMAA, DABA, and anatoxin-a in environmental samples

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• 作者：Maitham Ahmed Al-Sammak ; Kyle D. Hoagl ; Daniel D. Snow ; David Cassada
• 关键词：BMAA ; DABA ; Anatoxin-a ; Cyanobacteria ; Cyanotoxins ; Methods
• 刊名：Toxicon
• 出版年：15 December, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：76
• 期：Complete
• 页码：316-325
• 全文大小：548 K

文摘

Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, can produce several different groups of toxins in the environment including hepatotoxins (microcystins), neurotoxic non-protein amino acids 尾-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), and 2,4-diaminobutyric (DABA), as well as the bicyclic amine alkaloid anatoxin-a. Few studies have addressed the methods necessary for an accurate determination of cyanotoxins in environmental samples, and none have been published that can detect these cyanotoxins together in a single sample. Cyanotoxins occur in a wide range of environmental samples including water, fish, and aquatic plant samples. Using polymeric cation exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection (HPLC/FD), and liquid chromatography ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), these compounds can for the first time be simultaneously quantified in a variety of environmental sample types. The extraction method for biological samples can distinguish bound and free cyanotoxins. Detection limits for water ranged from 5 to 7聽渭g/L using HPLC/FD, while detection limits for and LC/MS were in the range of 0.8-3.2聽渭g/L.