TL, OSL and EPR have been applied as alternative techniques for bioactivity characteriztion.
The 110 °C TL peak and the peak to peak intensity of the OHC EPR signal have been effectively considered as proxies for bioactivity studies.
A time scale has been established for each chemical reaction involved in the five-step procedure required for the HCAp formation.
Besides the first initial step, the beginning of the rest chemical reaction steps takes place faster in the case of sol-gel derived 58S glass than the quenching-derived 45S5 bioglass.