Uncovering a New Cause of Obstructive Hydrocephalus Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Choroidal Artery Vasospasm-Related Ependymal Cell Degeneration and Aqueductal Stenosis—First Experimental Study

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• 作者：Coskun Yolas¹ ; Nuriye Guzin Ozdemir² ; Ayhan Kanat³ ; ^{ayhankanat@yahoo.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Mehmet Dumlu Aydin⁴ ; ^{nmda11@hotmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Papatya Keles⁵ ; Umit Kepoglu⁷ ; Nazan Aydin⁸ ; Cemal Gundogdu⁶
• 关键词：Aqueductal stenosis ; Choroidal artery vasospasm ; Ependymal cell desquamation ; Hydrocephalus ; Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• 刊名：World Neurosurgery
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：June 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：90
• 期：Complete
• 页码：484-491
• 全文大小：3616 K

文摘

Hydrocephalus is a serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct may cause hydrocephalus after SAH. Although various etiologic theories have been put forward, choroidal artery vasospasm–related ependymal desquamation and subependymal basal membrane rupture as mechanisms of aqueductal stenosis have not been suggested in the literature.

Methods

This study was conducted on 26 hybrid rabbits. Five rabbits were placed in a control group, 5 were placed in a sham group, and the remaining rabbits (n = 16) were placed in the SAH group. In the first 2 weeks, 5 animals in the SAH group died. The other 21 animals were decapitated after the 4-week follow-up period. Choroidal artery changes resulting from vasospasm, aqueduct volume, ependymal cell density, and Evans index values of brain ventricles were obtained and compared statistically.

Results

Mean aqueduct volume was 1.137 mm³ ± 0.096, normal ependymal cell density was 4560/mm² ± 745, and Evans index was 0.32 ± 0.05 in control animals (n = 5); these values were 1.247 mm³ ± 0.112, 3568/mm² ± 612, and 0.34 ± 0.15 in sham animals (n = 5); 1.676 mm³ ± 0.123, 2923/mm² ± 591, and 0.43 ± 0.09 in animals without aqueductal stenosis (n = 5); and 0.650 mm³ ± 0.011, 1234/mm² ± 498, and 0.60 ± 0.18 in animals with severe aqueductal stenosis (n = 6). The choroidal vasospasm index values were 1.160 ± 0.040 in the control group, 1.150 ± 0.175 in the sham group, 1.760 ± 0.125 in the nonstenotic group, and 2.262 ± 0.160 in the stenotic group. Aqueduct volumes, ependymal cell densities, Evans index, and choroidal artery vasospasm index values were statistically significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Ependymal cell desquamation and subependymal basal membrane destruction related to choroidal artery vasospasm may lead to aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus after SAH.