As high as 20at % Yb
3+-doped YAlO
3 (or Yb:YAP) single crystal with the typical size of
30×90mm
2 has been successfully grown by RF-heated Czochralski method. The perovskite-type structure of 20at % Yb:YAP crystal was refined by the precise XRD measurement. The absorption and emission spectra of the H
2-annealed 20at % Yb:YAP crystal were investigated at room temperature. Besides the typical IR emission originating from the
2F
5/2→
2F
7/2 transition of Yb
3+ ions in YAP host, the visible up-conversion fluorescence excited by 940nm LD source was also observed in the 20at % Yb-doped YAP crystal. The X-ray excited luminescence features of the 20at % Yb:YAP crystal were also investigated at the room temperature, and the fast charge transfer luminescence with the emission peaks at 364 and 530nm were clearly identified, which indicates that the highly doped Yb:YAP crystal can be served as the promising fast scintillation crystals.